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MIGRANT CRISIS

Italy to send migrants to reception centres in Albania

Italy on Monday announced plans to send migrants to Albania, in a move critics called "a blatant violation of international law".

Published: 7 November 2023 11:27 CET
Italy on Monday unveiled a controversial plan to send migrants to Albania.
Italy on Monday unveiled a controversial plan to send migrants to Albania. Photo by Giovanni ISOLINO / AFP.

Tens of thousands of migrants rescued in the Mediterranean will be sent to purpose-built centres in Albania while Italy examines their asylum requests, the Italian government announced Monday.

The deal with Albania, which is not part of the European Union, follows a meeting in Rome between Albania’s Prime Minister Edi Rama and Italy’s far-right Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, who won elections last year after
vowing to stop illegal migration to Italy.

Two structures able to accommodate up to 3,000 people at a time will be set up for “speedy processing of asylum applications or possible repatriation” of “migrants saved at sea”, Meloni’s office said in a statement.

READ ALSO: EXPLAINED: What’s behind Italy’s soaring number of migrant arrivals?

The centres will be built, at Italy’s expense, at the port of Shengjin and the Gjader area in northwest Albania, and will be designed to accommodate some 39,000 people a year, it said.

Minors, pregnant women and “vulnerable people” will not be sent to the centres, Meloni told reporters following her meeting with Rama.

Italy will have legal jurisdiction over the centres, which are expected to be up and running “by spring 2024”, her office said.

The Shengjin centre will be used to identify and screen new arrivals, while migrants destined for repatriation will be sent on to Gjader.

In the statement announcing the deal, Rome emphasised the importance of Italy’s trade with Albania, and offered its support for that country’s hopes of joining the EU.

Despite Meloni’s vows to stop boat crossings from North Africa to Italy, over 145,000 people have landed on its shores so far this year, compared to 88,000 people in the same period last year, official data shows.

Opposition lawmaker and Green party leader Angelo Bonelli said the deal was a “blatant violation of conventions and international law”.

READ ALSO: Italian PM Meloni blasts judge who rejected ‘unconstitutional’ anti-migrant law

The government was “outsourcing its responsibilities, with the risk of creating detention camps that may not ensure adequate standards of reception and respect for human dignity”, he said in a note.

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MIGRANT CRISIS

Albanians question Italy’s ‘solidarity’ amid controversial migration deal

Albania's prime minister has said the solidarity Italy showed to his country in the '90's is the reason why he agreed to sign a controversial migration pact with Rome. But is this the full story, or just an 'advertising gimmick'?

Published: 20 February 2024 09:45 CET
Albanians question Italy's 'solidarity' amid controversial migration deal

On February 20, 1991, demonstrators in Tirana pulled down the immense statue of Albanian dictator Enver Hoxha, marking the end of the communist regime and sparking an emigration wave towards Italy.

Three decades later, Albanian Prime Minister Edi Rama says the “solidarity” Italy showed to his compatriots at the time is why he signed up to a controversial migration deal with Rome in November.

The Albanian community in Italy today is large – the second biggest from a non-EU country – and well-integrated.

But it has not always been, and critics accuse Rama of rewriting history.

READ ALSO: Italy approves controversial Albanian migrant deal

Hajri Kurti, who emigrated to Italy to escape poverty, says “integration was very difficult”.

“You were an illegal immigrant, you had no rights, you worked illegally. Sometimes I didn’t get paid”, the 50-year-old told AFP.

A banner reads “I’m an Albanian without legal status, all the same I cheer for Italy” at the Euro 2008 Championships Group C football match France vs. Italy in Zurich. Photo by JOHN MACDOUGALL / AFP.

“You had to be invisible. I was afraid when I saw a policeman in the street,” he said.

Now a partner in a maintenance company, it took the married father-of-one years to win the right to stay.

“There are prejudices, there is racism” in Italian society, he said.

Betrayal

Italy, barely 70 kilometres (40 miles) across the Adriatic Sea from Albania, was seen as a Western country rich in opportunities.

Thousands of Albanians who arrived in March 1991 in the southern Italian port of Brindisi were welcomed warmly, said Edmond Godo, head of the Albanian cultural association Besa.

READ ALSO: How has Italy’s ‘anti-immigrant’ government changed the rules for foreigners?

The 57-year-old recalls how many locals left food for the new arrivals outside their front doors, including one young woman who opened her home to him.

“She invited me and my two friends to lunch, and after hearing the history of my country, she and her husband invited us to stay and sleep at their place,” he told AFP.

But some 20,000 other Albanians who arrived in August of the same year in Bari, a port just north of Brindisi, were not so lucky.

Albanians arrive in Brindisi on March 15, 1997 after crossing the Adriatic sea from Durres in Albania onboard the “Val Frio.” Photo by GERARD JULIEN / AFP.

The desperate migrants crowded onto their boat, the Vlora, were front-page news and the government feared more mass arrivals would follow.

After being detained for several days in a stadium in the city, the vast majority of them were repatriated.

The Albanians had been told they were being sent to another Italian city, and their forced return instead was seen as a betrayal.

By 1997, Italy had imposed a naval blockade on Albania, and Italian navy boats patrolled its waters.

The same year, more than 80 Albanians died or went missing after an Albanian ship carrying more than 120 people collided with an Italian navy vessel.

‘Advertising gimmick’

These are not memories Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni or Rama want to dwell on.

Hard-right Meloni, elected in 2022 on an anti-migrant ticket, has pledged to slash the number of migrant boats arriving in Italy and needs to be seen to be tackling the issue, though these days the boats are no longer coming from Albania but mainly from North Africa.

Rama wants Rome to help speed up Albania’s entry into the European Union.

Italy’s Prime Minister, Giorgia Meloni and Albania’s Prime Minister Edi Rama sign an agreement on migration at Palazzo Chigi in Rome on November 6, 2023. Photo by Tiziana FABI / AFP.

Under the deal, Italy will open two centres in Albania to process people intercepted as they attempt to cross the central Mediterranean.

The centres will only be able to accommodate up to 3,000 people at a time while their asylum requests are being evaluated – often a lengthy process.

That is but a fraction of yearly arrivals. In 2023, over 150,000 people crossed from North Africa to Italy.

The plan has also been criticised by migrant rescue charities as likely to infringe international law.

For Albanian emigrant Kurti, the deal is little more than “an advertising gimmick”, intended to “mask the incapacity of the Italian government” to manage migrant flows.

By AFP’s Ljubomir MILASIN

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