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CLIMATE CRISIS

Severe drought in Spain uncovers submerged monuments

A centuries-old church and a huge megalithic complex are among the underwater monuments that have resurfaced in Spain as a severe drought causes water levels in reservoirs to plunge.

Severe drought in Spain uncovers submerged monuments
Drought in Spain. Photo: Aitor De ITURRIA / AFP

After a prolonged dry spell, Spain’s reservoirs – which supply water for cities and farms – are at just under 36 percent capacity, according to environment ministry figures for August.

The receding waters have exposed the ruins of an 11th-century church in the
usually submerged village of Sant Roma de Sau, which was flooded in the 1960s
when a nearby dam was built.

Normally, the church’s bell tower is the only visible sign of the village in the northeastern region of Catalonia.

Drawn by pictures on social media and television reports, crowds of tourists fill the restaurants in the nearby village of Vilanova de Sau.

“It has been years since (water levels) are as low as they are now,” said 45-year-old Nuria Ferrerons during a recent visit to the site.

“We saw it on social media and we said ‘well let’s see how it is’,” she added.

READ ALSO – IN PICTURES: Drought in Spain intensifies as Roman fort uncovered

Two tourists on a canoe paddled through an arch of the church, which is
fenced off to prevent people from getting too close due to the risk the ruins
could collapse.

“Normally you can only see the bell tower,” said Sergi Riera, who came to
see “something that has not been visible for years”.

In Spain’s western Extremadura region, the receding waters of the
Valdecanas reservoir have revealed a prehistoric stone circle on an islet that is normally underwater.

Dubbed the “Spanish Stonehenge”, the circle of dozens of megalithic stones
was discovered by archaeologists in 1926 but the area was flooded in 1963 when
the reservoir was built.

The stones are also drawing tourists, who reach the islet on boats operated
by several private firms.

Officially known as the Dolmen of Guadalperal, the site is believed to date
back to 5000 BC.

“People leave delighted,” said Ruben Argenta, who owns a firm offering guided tours of the stones.

Manuel Mantilla, a sixty-year-old from the southern city of Córdoba, was
visiting with his wife after hearing about the site through the media. “We saw that as a unique opportunity,” he said.

Climate change has left parts of Spain at their driest in more than 1,000 years, and winter rains are expected to diminish further, a study published in July by the Nature Geoscience journal showed.

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WEATHER

Will this summer in Spain be as hot as the previous two?

2023 was the world’s hottest summer on record, with many countries including Spain experiencing scorching temperatures. What are meteorologists forecasting for summer 2024?

Will this summer in Spain be as hot as the previous two?

2023 was in fact the second-hottest summer Spain had ever experienced – the hottest being just one year earlier in 2022.

During that year, 11,300 people died in Spain alone due to the abnormally high temperatures, marine life perished in the warming seas and even train tracks warped and became deformed.

All eyes are looking toward this summer to see what will happen and if it will be as roasting as the previous two. 

READ ALSO:

According to the climate service Copernicus-EU, above-normal temperatures are predicted across southern Europe this summer.

And in Spain, there is a 50-70 percent chance that this summer will be one of the hottest 20 percent on record, and it will properly begin in June.

According to Spain’s State Meteorological Agency AEMET, we have already seen an abnormal rise this May.

Its quarterly prediction, which will take us up to the end of July (typically the hottest part of the summer here in Spain), states that it will almost certainly be warmer than usual on the Mediterranean side of the country, as well as the Balearic and Canary Islands.

Copernicus agrees with these predictions and has indicated that it’s very likely to be hotter than normal in certain areas of the country. It particularly singled out the Valencia region, Murcia (except the south), northern Almería and Granada, Ibiza and Formentera and the western Canary Islands.

It’s getting more and more difficult to know exactly what ‘above normal’ temperatures are, considering what Spain has experienced the last few years, but the reference period that many experts are basing their predictions on is from 1991-2020.

When it comes to rainfall, Copernicus has forecast that the “most likely scenario is a summer with less rain” than usual.

AEMET agreed with the prediction, stating on its X account that “most likely rainfall will be less throughout the country than what is already normally scarce in the summer season”.

This is bad news for many parts of Spain, such as Catalonia, Andalusia and the Canary Islands, which have already been experiencing an ongoing drought over the past two years.

Luckily, spring rains have managed to fill reservoirs just enough to see us through the summer at this point, but more rain will definitely be needed come autumn.

READ ALSO: Will drought restrictions affect summer holidays in Spain?

While scientists agree the sizzling temperatures experienced over the past few summers are down to climate change, last year in 2023, the cyclical phenomenon known as El Niño also had a part to play in global weather patterns.

When the seas become cooler on average and it has a cooling effect on the planet, this is partly down to the effect of La Niña.

This year is supposed to be dominated by La Niña and according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the US, La Niña has a 49 percent chance of developing between June and August and a 69 percent chance between July and September.

But this doesn’t necessarily mean that this summer will be cooler than last year.

As of May 16th 2024, we’re undergoing a neutral period known as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO).

Despite the global cooling effect of La Niña in 2022, it was still the planet’s sixth hottest year and the hottest in Spain ever recorded.

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