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COVID-19 VACCINES

EXPLAINED: France’s Covid vaccine policy on third-dose, health pass and under 12s

According to government figures, 90 percent of adults in France have received at least one dose of the Covid vaccine - but attention is now turning to booster shots and vaccines for children. Here's what we know about the next stage of the vaccination campaign.

Close-up image of a syringe filled with Covid-19 vaccine going into an older person's arm
Covid vaccine boosters are available to some groups in France. Photo: Thomas Coex / AFP

Latest government data shows that 90 percent of adults in France have had at least one dose of the vaccine while 88 percent are fully vaccinated, with a similar overall level of vaccination for the total eligible population – those aged 12 and over.

But attention has now shifted to the campaign for third dose ‘booster shots’, as well as the question of vaccinating under 12s and the health pass.

Here is what we know, what we don’t know, and what we will soon find out:

Who is eligible for a booster shot?

Some 2.5 million people, out of 6.8 million eligible people in France, have had a third dose of Covid-19 vaccine, according to latest government figures.

For now only the following groups of people are currently eligible for a booster dose in France: 

  • Those aged over 65 or who suffer from a serious medical condition who had their first jabs at least six months ago;
  • Those who have not had Covid – people who contracted the virus after their first or second dose do not need a booster dose, French medical regulator the Haute Autorite de Santé (HAS) has ruled;
  • Healthcare workers who had their initial doses more than six months ago. Right now, a booster jab is not compulsory for this sector.

If you meet those criteria, you can book your appointment directly either by phone, online or via the Doctolib app.

What about everyone else?

The European Medicines Agency has recommended booster shots for all adults. The French government has yet to extend the booster programme beyond those already listed, but it could do in the near future. 

An HAS statement from September leaned towards boosters for all, saying that the decline in the effectiveness of vaccines over time “does not only affect the elderly and populations at risk of severe forms”, even if these populations “remain the most affected”. 

But it has yet to offer its formal opinion on which the government will base its decision. That is expected in the next few days.

Since France did not begin vaccinating the majority of under 55s until May and June, most people will not be eligible for a booster until December.

Will the health pass be dependent on having a third dose?

Rules over the health pass – and a possible extension – are being debated in parliament as the Assemblée nationale and the Senate tussle over the length of the extension. 

So, we don’t know what the medium-to-long-term future of the pass sanitaire is right now. Assuming it remains applicable beyond the current November 15th deadline, it may be extended to include a third-dose requirement.

Some MPs are in favour of extending health pass rules to include a third-dose requirement, despite likely opposition from anti-vaxxers and France’s anti-pass contingent.

“It would be legitimate to question the validity of the pass after more than six months post-vaccination if you are, for example, over 70 years old or have severe diabetes, the studies attest that there would be a risk of no longer being sufficiently protected against severe forms,” Health Minister Olivier Véran said.

There are also privacy concerns – any under-65s who have currently had a third dose qualify through a serious illness or risk of co-morbidity, which could be seen as breaking doctor-patient confidentiality if that information is published on a health pass.

One final problem… an epidemiologist and professor of public health at the University Hospital of Lille who has had his third jab told Francetvinfo that entering his booster shot QR code into the TousAntiCovid app caused it to crash.

And what about children?

The vaccination of children from age five upwards has already started in USA, while in France only children aged 12 and over are eligible.

The European Medicines Agency is expected to reach a decision in mid-December on whether children from the age of five can be safely injected with the two-dose Pfizer vaccine.

Once the EMA has issued its advice, it would again be up to the French government – advised by the HAS – to decide whether to extend the vaccination programme to all over 5s.

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COVID-19 VACCINES

Italy’s constitutional court upholds Covid vaccine mandate as fines kick in

Judges on Thursday dismissed legal challenges to Italy's vaccine mandate as "inadmissible” and “unfounded”, as 1.9 million people face fines for refusing the jab.

Italy's constitutional court upholds Covid vaccine mandate as fines kick in

Judges were asked this week to determine whether or not vaccine mandates introduced by the previous government during the pandemic – which applied to healthcare and school staff as well as over-50s – breached the fundamental rights set out by Italy’s constitution.

Italy became the first country in Europe to make it obligatory for healthcare workers to be vaccinated, ruling in 2021 that they must have the jab or be transferred to other roles or suspended without pay.

The Constitutional Court upheld the law in a ruling published on Thursday, saying it considered the government’s requirement for healthcare personnel to be vaccinated during the pandemic period neither unreasonable nor disproportionate.

Judges ruled other questions around the issue as inadmissible “for procedural reasons”, according to a court statement published on Thursday.

This was the first time the Italian Constitutional Court had ruled on the issue, after several regional courts previously dismissed challenges to the vaccine obligation on constitutional grounds.

A patient being administered a Covid jab.

Photo by Pascal GUYOT / AFP

One Lazio regional administrative court ruled in March 2022 that the question of constitutional compatibility was “manifestly unfounded”.

Such appeals usually centre on the question of whether the vaccine requirement can be justified in order to protect the ‘right to health’ as enshrined in the Italian Constitution.

READ ALSO: Italy allows suspended anti-vax doctors to return to work

Meanwhile, fines kicked in from Thursday, December 1st, for almost two million people in Italy who were required to get vaccinated under the mandate but refused.

This includes teachers, law enforcement and healthcare workers, and the over 50s, who face fines of 100 euros each under rules introduced in 2021.

Thursday was the deadline to justify non-compliance with the vaccination mandate due to health reasons, such as having contracted Covid during that period.

Italy’s health minister on Friday however appeared to suggest that the new government may choose not to enforce the fines.

“It could cost more for the state to collect the fines” than the resulting income, Health Minister Orazio Schillaci told Radio Rai 1.

He went on to say that it was a matter for the Economy and Finance Ministry, but suggested that the government was drawing up an amendment to the existing law.

READ ALSO: Covid vaccines halved Italy’s death toll, study finds

The League, one of the parties which comprises the new hard-right government, is pushing for fines for over-50s to be postponed until June 30th 2023.

Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni had promised a clear break with her predecessor’s health policies, after her Brothers of Italy party railed against the way Mario Draghi’s government handled the pandemic in 2021 when it was in opposition.

At the end of October, shortly after taking office, the new government allowed doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals to return to work earlier than planned after being suspended for refusing the Covid vaccine.

There has been uncertainty about the new government’s stance after the deputy health minister in November cast doubt on the efficacy of Covid-19 vaccines, saying he was “not for or against” vaccination.

Italy’s health ministry continues to advise people in at-risk groups to get a booster jab this winter, and this week stressed in social media posts that vaccination against Covid-19 and seasonal flu remained “the most effective way to protect ourselves and our loved ones, especially the elderly and frail”.

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