SHARE
COPY LINK

FRENCH HISTORY

Donkey laws to theatre ghosts: 16 weird facts about France

With its sometimes arcane laws, weird words and complex history France is a country where a lot of bizarre and hilarious pieces of trivia can be found. Here is a small selection of the best France facts.

Do you know the story of the mystery theatre in the Paris catacombs?
Do you know the story of the mystery theatre in the Paris catacombs? Photo: Boris Horvat/AFP

Author and decade-long resident of France Piu Eatwell has put together a volume of trivia about France – in English – for those who just can’t get enough of this country, entitled “F is for France”.

The author describes it as a “tribute to everything eccentrically, paradoxically, surprisingly and delightfully French” and it runs from A for Absinthe to Z for Zinedine Zidane. 

Here are some of The Local’s favourite weird facts mentioned in the book.

1. You can commit “intellectual infidelity”

Under French law, infidelity can be “intellectual” as well as physical. In other words, excessive smoking, playing too much soccer, spending too much time with the local bishop, and phone sex can all be grounds for divorce.

In 1986, a French court granted a divorce to a husband on the grounds of the “intellectual infidelity” of his wife. The reason for the divorce was that the wife had allowed a rival to assume intellectual precedence in her thoughts over her husband, thus giving her husband the impression that she considered him worthless.

Don’t diss the donkeys if you’re visiting Brittany. Photo by LOU BENOIST / AFP

2. Don’t slander the donkeys

Contrary to their reputation for indifference to animals, the French can be extraordinarily caring to them. In the Breton village of Saint-Léger-des-Prés, for example, it is illegal to slander donkeys by the use of such insulting terminology as “jack-ass,” “dumb as an ass,”  etc.

Anybody breaking this law is required to make amends by offering apologies in the form of carrots or sugar lumps to the donkeys residing within the boundaries of the commune. The law was introduced in 1991 by the then mayor of Saint-Léger-des-Prés, who was inordinately (perhaps overly) fond of donkeys. 

3. There’s a blood pudding competition

Boudin noir is a form of blood sausage, similar to black pudding in the UK, and the best place to savour this is the town of Mortagne au Perche in Normandy, which has a special boudin festival in March, including a competition to see who can eat the most (up to three miles of boudin are regularly consumed).

Proceedings are monitored with an eagle eye by the Confrérie des Cheva-liers du Goûte- Boudin (“Fraternity of the Knights of the Blood- Sausage Tasters”).

4. Half the world’s roundabouts are in France

Over half the world’s traffic roundabouts are to be found in France, which, with more than thirty thousand roundabouts, has more ronds-points than any country in the world

5. The case of the mystery theatre in the catacombs

The catacombs beneath the streets of Paris are open to the public, but only in certain tightly-controlled areas. The remainder is strictly off  limits, but that has not stopped a hardy group of adventurers – the cataphiles – from exploring their depths.

In 2004, police patrolling the underground passages found an entire theatre with seating concealed in a vast 4,300-square-foot cave under the chic 16th arrondissement, equipped with a bar, pressure cooker for making couscous, stock of 1950s noir films, and contemporary cave paintings on the walls. When the police returned  later with electricians to investigate the power source, they found that the lines had been cut, and a note had been left that read “Do not try to find us.” 

6. Champagne glasses modelled on Marie Antoinette’s breast?

Legend has it that the classic Champagne glass or “coupe” was adapted from a wax mould of the left breast of Marie Antoinette.

The rather more likely – albeit prosaic – theory is that the coupe was designed for sparkling wine in England around 1663, and thus predated both Champagne and Marie Antoinette by almost a century. Nevertheless, the story inspired the sculptor Jane McAdam Freud to design a Champagne coupe moulded on the fashion model Kate Moss’s left breast, for the celebration of the model’s twenty five years in the business in 2014.

7. Marrying the dead

In France, it is possible with the permission of the president, to marry a dead person.

Posthumous marriage originated in the 1950s, when the fiancée of a man killed after a dam burst in the town of Fréjus applied to the then president, Charles de Gaulle, to carry through the  couple’s marriage plans and was granted permission. Since then, applications have been made, and succeeded at various times, for posthumous marriage  under this law.

8. Mayday, Mayday

The international distress code “Mayday” comes from he French M’aidez, meaning “Help me!”  Under the rules of radio signaling code, the word should be repeated three times (Mayday- Mayday- Mayday) by a vessel or aircraft in a life-threatening situation.

The word as a distress code was coined in 1923 by Frederick Stanley Mockford, a senior radio officer at Croydon airport, near London. Mockford was asked to think of a distress call that would be understood by all pilots and ground staff, and as much of the traffic at that time was between Croydon and Le Bourget airport, he hit on the idea of using the word “Mayday.” 

The Eiffel Tower, beautiful but unavailable. Photo by Ludovic MARIN / AFP

9. The Eiffel Tower is married

In 2008, a  woman married the Eiffel Tower, changing her name to Erika La Tour Eiffel in honor of her “partner.”

Erika, an ex-soldier who lived in San Francisco, had a history of “object fetishism,” and admitted to a past crush on the Berlin Wall.  There are believed to be about forty “objectum-sexual”  people in the world, mostly women. 

10. No trousers for women

Women in Paris are forbidden to wear trousers, unless riding a bicycle or a  horse.

The law – which dates from the 1800s – was originally introduced to dissuade the cross- dressing inclinations of the likes of author George Sand. The law is still, technically, in force. However, in 2013 the French Equality Minister stated that it has implicitly been overruled by subsequent legislation putting women on an equal footing with men.

11. Male impotence – a crime?

During the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in France, male impotence was considered a crime, as well as  legal grounds for divorce. Men accused of impotence by their wives were required to demonstrate evidence to the contrary, by “standing to attention” and then ejaculating before an “expert panel” of clergymen and physicians.

Not surprising, many gentlemen failed this audition. There was, however, a second chance. Should one wilt  under scrutiny, one could request a “Trial by Congress,” which entailed husband and wife performing sex before the judges. The practice was declared obscene and banned in 1677.

12. The French typists’ phrase

Whereas the traditional English typists’ warm-up is “The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog,” French typists can use the phrase “Allez porter ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume un havane,” as it contains  every letter in the alphabet. The phrase translates as – Take this old whiskey to the blond judge who is smoking a cigar.

13. World’s first department store was in Paris

The world’s first department store was founded by Aristide Boucicaut in Paris, in 1838.

The store, Le Bon Marché, became a centre for innovation and the development of modern shopping concepts including advertisements, browsing, and fixed prices. Boucicaut has been hailed as a genius, introducing the nineteenth-century middle-class woman to the pleasures of browsing in a store.

14. Illegal potatoes

Potatoes were once illegal in France. Known as “hog feed,” they  were banned by the French parliament in 1748 on the basis that they caused leprosy, among other  things (possibly because they are related to deadly nightshade, as are the tomato and tobacco plants).

Largely due to the efforts of pioneering army pharmacist Antoine- Augustin Parmentier (1737–1813), the Paris Faculty of Medicine finally declared potatoes edible in 1772. 

15. English slang mocks the French

More than 75  percent of the slang English language phrases containing the word “French” are connected with sex. They include: French letter (condom), French maid, French pox or French disease (syphilis), French kissing, and Frenching (fellatio).

Interestingly, many of  these phrases are reversed the other way: a French slang term for condom is capote anglaise (English hood), and syphilis was referred to as la maladie anglaise.

16. And lastly… Be polite!

A mayoral decree of the village of Lhéraule, in the Picardy area of northern France, imposes a minimum level of politeness in the town hall. The rule is that you can be thrown off the premises if you  don’t use basic social graces such as saying “Hello,” ‘Thank you,” and “Good-bye.”

Want more fun facts? You can buy F is For French here (in book form or on Kindle).

Member comments

  1. Thanks for this amusing post. Here are some notes from an old pedant: 8. “m’aidez” doesn’t mean “Help me” – that would be “aidez moi”. The correct form is “m’aider”, as in “Pouvez-vous m’aider ?” 12. The correct English sentence is “The quick brown fox JUMPS (not “jumped”) over the lazy dog, otherwise there would be no “s” in the sentence.

Log in here to leave a comment.
Become a Member to leave a comment.

LEARNING FRENCH

Is the English language really just ‘badly pronounced French’?

A French linguist has been making waves with his boldly titled book 'The English language does not exist - it's just badly pronounced French', but does the professor actually have a point?

Is the English language really just 'badly pronounced French'?

The French linguist Bernard Cerquiglini is clear that the title of his book should be taken with humour and a pinch of salt, beginning his work by explaining that it is a ‘bad faith proposition’.

Clearly, the English language does exist and equally clearly the French are a little uneasy about it – with numerous laws, national bodies and local initiatives attempting to fight back against the anglicisms that now litter everyday speech, from ‘c’est cool’ to ‘un job’. 

But Cerquiglini argues that the supposed ‘influx’ of English words that are now used in France, especially tech-related terms, is nothing compared to what happened when French literally invaded English in the Middle Ages.

And the close similarity that the two languages enjoy today – around 30 percent of English words are of French origin – speaks to this entwined history.

“You can also see my book as an homage to the English language, which has been able to adopt so many words… Viking, Danish, French, it’s astonishing,” he told AFP.

The history

The key date in the blending of English and French is the Norman conquest of 1066, when Duke William of Normandy invaded England with a small group of Norman knights and made himself the English king William the Conqueror.

What happened next was a radical re-ordering of society in which English nobles were displaced and William’s knights were installed as a new French-speaking (or at least Norman-speaking) ruling class. 

The use of French by the ruling classes continued into the 13th and 14th centuries, by which time French was the official language of the royal courts, diplomacy, the law, administration and trade – meaning that ambitious English people had no choice but to learn French in order to take part in official or legal processes. 

Cerquiglini says that half of all English’s borrowings from French took place between 1260-1400, with a heavy slant towards words related to nobility, trade, administration or the law.

But a large group of non-native speakers meant that the French spoken in England was already starting to evolve, and the French words ended up with different pronunciations or even a different meaning. 

As early as 1175, the records show a Frenchman in England snootily remarking that: “My language is good, because I was born in France”. 

English and French started to part ways from the mid-1400s, by which time the two countries no longer shared royalty (the last English possession in France, the port of Calais, was lost to the French in 1558) and gradually systems such as the law courts and trade began to be conducted in English.

French remained widely spoken as a second language by the nobility and the elite right up until the early 20th century and French is still the most widely-taught language in UK schools.

The similarities

It’s not always easy to distinguish between English words that have a French root and those that have a Latin root, but linguists estimate that around 29 percent of English words come from French, another 29 percent from Latin, 26 percent from German and the rest from other languages.

But many of the English words that do have a clear French root are related to nobility, administration, politics and the law.

For example the French words gouvernement, parlement, autorité and peuple are clearly recognisable to English speakers. Likewise budget, revenus, enterprise and taxe, plus avocat, cour, juge, magistrat and evidence.

Amusingly, the French and the English obviously found time to share many insults, including bâtard [bastard], crétin, imbecile, brute and stupide.

Adaptation

But most of the people in England who were speaking French did not have it as their mother tongue, so the language began to adapt. For example the French à cause de literally translates into English as ‘by cause of’ which over time became the English word ‘because’.

There are also words that started out the same but changed their meaning over time – for example the English word ‘clock’ comes from the French ‘cloche’ (bell), because in the Middle Ages church bells were the most common method of keeping track of the time for most people.

When the mechanical clock began to appear from the 14th century onwards, the French used a new term – une horloge – but the English stuck with the original.

The differences

One of the big differences between English and French is that English simply has more words – there are roughly 170,000 words in the English language, compared to about 135,000 in French.

And at least part of this comes from English being a ‘blended’ language – that English people hung on to their original words and simply added the French ones, which is why you often get several different English words that have the same translation in French eg clever and intelligent both translate into French as ‘intelligent’.

Another difference represents the class divide that the Norman invasion imposed between the French nobles and the English labourers.

For example the words pig and cow both have Anglo-Saxon roots, while pork and beef come from French (porc and boeuf) – so when the animal is in the field being looked after by English peasants it has an Anglo-Saxon name, but by the time it is on the plate being eaten by posh people, it becomes French.

There’s also a tendency in English for the more everyday words to have Anglo-Saxon origins while the fancier words have French origins – eg to build (English) versus to construct (French). In French construire is used for both. Or to feed (English) versus to nourish (French) – in French both are nourrir.

Faux amis

One consequence of English and French being so closely linked in the bane of every language-learner’s life – les faux amis (false friends).

These are words that look and sound very similar, but have a completely different meaning. If you don’t know the French word for something you can have a stab at saying the English word with a French pronunciation – and often you will be right.

But sometimes you will be wrong, and sometimes it will be embarrassing.

READ ALSO The 18 most embarrassing French ‘false friends’

Often, faux amis are words that have changed their meaning in one language but not the other – for example the French word sensible means sensitive, not sensible – which is why you can buy products for peau sensible (sensitive skin).

But it once meant sensitive in English too – for example in the title of Jane Austen’s novel Sense and Sensibility – over time the meaning of the English word adapted but the French one stayed the same.

The title

And a word on that title – La langue anglaise n’existe pas, C’est du français mal prononcé (the English language does not exist, it’s just badly pronounced French) is actually a quote from former French prime minister Georges Clemenceau.

He did apparently speak English, but doesn’t appear to have been very fond of England itself – his other well-known quote on the topic is: “L’Angleterre n’est qu’une colonie française qui a mal tourné” – England is just a French colony gone wrong.  

SHOW COMMENTS