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EXPLAINED: What do Spain’s new Covid restrictions for the US mean for American travellers?

The Spanish Health Ministry has changed the risk classification for arrivals from the United States in September 2021. What do the new requirements mean for vaccinated and unvaccinated American travellers who want to visit Spain?

EXPLAINED: What do Spain’s new Covid restrictions for the US mean for American travellers?
Photo: Daniel Slim/AFP

What’s the latest?

On Friday September 3rd Spanish health authorities removed the United States from the list of third countries whose travellers do not have to meet Spain’s Covid travel restrictions.

This comes just days after the EU recommended Member States introduce tighter restrictions for travellers from the US and a handful of other third countries with worsening Covid figures.

What were Spain’s rules for American travellers previously?

Since late June 2021, people in the United States were able to visit Spain for non-essential reasons such as tourism without having to provide proof of Covid-19 vaccination or a negative Covid test. 

The reason for this exemption from the general rules for non-EU/EEA travellers was that Spanish authorities placed the United States on its list of low-risk third countries, which included a select few countries such as New Zealand and Singapore with low Covid-19 infection rates. 

Therefore, anyone in the US – vaccinated or unvaccinated, tested or not tested – could board flights from the United States to Spain without too much hassle, unless they presented symptoms compatible with Covid-19.

What are Spain’s new rules for American travellers?

From Monday September 6th 2021, the rules for US travellers heading to Spain changed, especially depending on whether they are vaccinated or not. 

In a nutshell, people in the US travelling to Spain now have to show proof of their Covid-19 health status (vaccination, testing or recovery), whereas for most of the summer period they did not have to.

According to the Spanish Consulate in Washington, “this regulation does not exempt passengers on a layover at an EU country, prior to their arrival to a Spanish airport, from complying with the entry requisites of the said country”.

  • Vaccinated US travellers 

Crucially, vaccinated travellers from the US can visit Spain for non-essential reasons such as tourism, whereas unvaccinated Americans cannot under the new rules.

Spain accepts vaccines that have been “authorised by the European Medicines Agency or those that have completed the process of emergency use by the World Health Organisation”, which as things stand are Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson, Sinopharm, Sinovac and Covishield.

They have to provide proof they completed their Covid-19 vaccination (both doses in most cases) at least 14 days before travel to Spain. 

Spain accepts vaccination certificates “issued by the competent authorities” of the country where you’ve been vaccinated.

These should include:

  1. Name and surname of the vaccinated person.
  2. Date of vaccination, indicating the date of the last dose administered.
  3. Type of vaccine administered.
  4. Number of doses administered/complete vaccination treatment.
  5. Issuing country.
  6. Identification of the issuing body that provided the vaccination certificate.

The certificate has to be in either Spanish, English, French or German or if not it should be accompanied by an official translation into Spanish by an official body. 

Vaccinated US travellers heading to Spain also have to complete a health control form on the Spain Travel Health website or app before travel, the same rule that applies to all travellers arriving in Spain.

Children under 12 years of age are not required to present any certificate or supporting documents except the health control form. 

READ MORE:

  • Unvaccinated travellers 

Unvaccinated US travellers who want to visit Spain for leisure, to visit friends or to scout for a property are not able to do so from Monday September 6th 2021 until further notice. 

Spain’s travel restrictions for most third countries, which have recently been extended until the end of September, state that unvaccinated travellers from outside the bloc cannot visit for non-essential purposes.

Only unvaccinated travellers from the US to Spain who meet one of the following conditions will be allowed in:

  • You are a resident in the EU or Schengen country.
  • You have a visa for a long duration stay in an EU or Schengen country.
  • You work in transport, such as airline staff or are in a maritime profession.
  • You work in diplomatic, consular, international organisations, military or civil protection or are a member of a humanitarian organisation.
  • You have a student visa for a country in the EU or Schengen zone.
  • You are a highly qualified worker or athlete who can accredit their work cannot be postponed or carried out remotely.
  • You are travelling for duly accredited imperative family reasons.
  • You are allowed entry due to force majeure or on humanitarian grounds.
  • You are an immediate family member of a national of an EU Member State travelling together or travelling to join the national of an EU Member State.
  • You are unmarried partners with a Spanish national. You must have a confirmation of this relationship issued by the Embassy of Spain based on documentation of proof.
  • You are a person travelling for business purposes who should justify the importance of the trip for the interests of Spain processed through the Commercial Office of the Embassy of Spain

Previous authorisation to travel may be required in the case of highly qualified workers, those with imperative family reasons or force majeure reasons, so check with the closest Spanish consulate near to you in the US to find out the conditions that apply to your specific situation. 

If you meet any of these criteria, you will be able to visit Spain if you provide a negative Covid-19 PCR test or equivalent (NAAT) taken within 72 hours before travel. 

It’s also possible to provide a certificate of having recovered from Covid-19, issued by the competent authority or medical service at least 11 days after the completion of the first positive NAAT test result. The validity of the certificate will end 180 days from the sampling.  

Again, accompanying children under 12 years of age are not required to present any certificate or supporting documents. 

All unvaccinated US travellers who are able to travel to Spain currently must also complete a health control form on the Spain Travel Health website or app.

READ ALSO: When will it be possible to travel to the US from Spain in 2021?

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TRAVEL NEWS

Reader question: What will EES mean for foreigners living in Europe?

The EU's new Entry & Exit System (EES) of enhanced passport controls is due to come into force later this year, but among many questions that remain is the situation for non-EU nationals who live in the EU or Schengen zone.

Reader question: What will EES mean for foreigners living in Europe?

Currently scheduled to start in autumn 2024 (unless it’s delayed again, which is not unlikely) the EU’s new Entry & Exit System is basically an enhanced passport check at external EU borders, including a facial scan and fingerprinting.

You can find a full explanation of the new system HERE.

Travellers crossing an external EU or Schengen border for the first time will be required to complete EES ‘pre-registration’ formalities including that facial scan and fingerprinting.

There are, however, several groups exempt from EES and one of them is non-EU nationals who have a residency permit or long-stay visa for an EU country.

So if you’re a foreigner living in the EU or Schengen zone, here’s what you need to know.

Exempt

One of the stated aims of EES is to tighten up enforcement of over-staying – IE, people who stay longer than 90 days in every 180 without a visa, or those who overstay the limits of their visa.

Obviously these limits do not apply to non-EU nationals who are resident in the EU or Schengen zone, which is why this group is exempt from EES checks. They will instead be required to show their passport and residency permit/visa when crossing a border, just as they do now.

In its explanations of how EES will work, the European Commission is clear – exempt groups include non-EU residents of the Bloc.

A Commission spokesman told The Local: “Non-EU citizens residing in the EU are not in the scope of the EES and will not be subject to pre-enrollment of data in the EES via self-service systems. The use of automation remains under the responsibility of the Member States and its availability in border crossing points is not mandatory.

“When crossing the borders, holders of EU residence permits should be able to present to the border authorities their valid travel documents and residence permits.”

How this will work

How this will work on the ground, however, is a lot less clear.

Most ports/airports/terminals have two passport queues – EU and non-EU. It remains unclear whether the non-EU queue will have a separate section for those who are exempt from EES.

It does seem clear that exempt groups will not be able to use the automated passport scanners – since those cannot scan additional documents like residency permits – but should instead use manned passport booths. However it is not clear whether these will be available at all airports/ports/terminals or how non-EU residents of the EU will be directed to those services.

There’s also the issue that individual border guards are not always clear on the processes and rules for non-EU residents of the EU – even under the current system it’s relatively commonly for EU residents to have their passports incorrectly stamped or be given incorrect information about passport stamping by border guards.

Brits in particular will remember the immediate post-Brexit period when the processes as described by the EU and national authorities frequently did not match what was happening on the ground.

The Local will continue to try and get answers on these questions. 

READ ALSO What will EES mean for dual nationals

What if I live in the EU but I don’t have a visa/residency permit?

For most non-EU citizens, having either a visa or a residency permit is obligatory in order to be legally resident.

However, there is one exception: UK citizens who were legally resident in the EU prior to the end of the Brexit transition period and who live in one of the “declaratory” countries where getting a post-Brexit residency card was optional, rather than compulsory. Declaratory countries include Germany and Italy.

Although it is legal for people in this situation to live in those countries without a residency permit, authorities already advise people to get one in order to avoid confusion/hassle/delays at the border. Although EES does not change any rules relating to residency or travel, it seems likely that it will be more hassle to travel without a residency card than it is now.

Our advice? Things are going to be chaotic enough, getting a residency permit seems likely to save you a considerable amount of hassle.

Delays 

Although residents of the EU do not need to complete EES formalities, they will be affected if the new system causes long queues or delays at the border.

Several countries have expressed worries about this, with the UK-France border a particular cause for concern.

READ ALSO Travellers could face ’14 hours queues’ at UK-France border

Where does it apply?

EES is about external EU/Schengen borders, so does not apply if you are travelling within the Schengen zone – eg taking the train from France to Germany or flying from Spain to Sweden.

Ireland and Cyprus, despite being in the EU, are not in the Schengen zone so will not be using EES, they will continue to stamp passports manually.

Norway, Switzerland and Iceland – countries that are in the Schengen zone but not in the EU – will be using EES.

The full list of countries using EES is: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland.

Therefore a journey between any of the countries listed above will not be covered by EES.

However a journey in or out of any of those countries from a country not listed above will be covered by EES.

You can find our full Q&A on EES HERE.

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