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Property in Spain: What I wish I’d known before buying a rural retreat to renovate

After reading an article in a Sunday supplement, Stephanie de Leng dreamed of upping sticks from Liverpool to a rural retreat in Valencia. But the journey wasn't straightforward. Here she shares with The Local what she's learnt along the way.

Property in Spain: What I wish I'd known before buying a rural retreat to renovate
How the property looked when Stephanie bought it.

I am not a great person for regrets, believing firmly that even negative events usually turn out for the better. That said, there are a number of avoidable mistakes I made before and after I bought a ruin in rural Spain.

It starts with the fact I was looking for a fantasy well away from the modern world with three stipulations that puzzled most agents. Please, no electricity supply in view, not near to the sea, and no McDonalds!

I searched from Girona down to Valencia and found this more difficult to satisfy than I originally thought. Many ruins with spectacular views and no electricity were in protected zones where any type of renovation was strictly forbidden.

Often access was hair-raising and you found yourself literally clinging to the side of a steep mountain like a goat. If not, then invariably a hideous pylon passed nearby – often above the ruin without it receiving any benefit.

Eventually I found the breath-taking El Maestrat, an area stretching between the upper provinces of Castellon and Teruel higher up. One of the last unspoilt regions of Spain, Unesco has praised it for its unrivalled air quality.

Planning permission is not generally a problem as the local towns are desperate for re-population. I found the people here welcoming, and instantly knew that this was where I wanted to be so here are the first three things that I did right:

  • I bought close enough  to a lively village so that I could forget the milk and go back to get it without much ado.
  • I made sure that there was sufficient flat space around my ruin to construct terraces, plant trees (350 to date) and maybe install a pool.
  • I didn’t fall for the trap of believing anything agents said about planning permission and I got proper planning permission.

Don’t rush

I found my dream after looking at a multitude of “you must be kidding places”. And for exactly this reason I made the following three mistakes:

  • I was so desperate to buy “Masia Lavanda” when I eventually found it that I offered far too much – the locals got wind of my folly so considered me fair game forever more.
  • I listened to the advice of the estate agent and hired her recommended builder. He turned out to be a crook. She turned out to know nothing at all about him!
  • Said builder fleeced me of €23,000 for an inadequate building project. This resulted in the forestry service issuing proceedings against me as my project did not include “an impact on the environment” survey. An additional unnecessary €4,000 wasted!

All of this was my fault in the end. I thought I could micro manage from Liverpool where I had a busy career (to pay for this!) and just drop in three days a month without speaking a word of Spanish. So this is the next advice:

  • Get to know your forestry officers. They are likely to be sympathetic to your needs if you consult them.
  • Don’t do anything to your ruin before you have got to know it well.
  • Take an intensive Spanish course and download podcasts for the car.
  • Take the stars out of your eyes. The opportunists can see them. 

Over two years I went through various builders, or pretend builders and then finally faced facts:

  • You have to be there!
  • Absolutely, never, ever, no matter what a good idea it seems at the time, hire someone you have met in a bar.
  • Always get an itemised quote and go through it with a fine toothcomb.

Learn Spanish and join in the local community 

This is where Spanish is essential. Many builders under-quote just to get the job. When you complain, they will point to their quote and yes, what you thought you had asked for in your pigeon Spanish, simply is not there.

So eventually I did face facts and, age 49, I gave up my established career in Liverpool to move to Spain. This what I got right:

  • My ruin had a separate small casita on the land that was charming and habitable so I saved a fortune on hostel fees and learned what I actually needed in the process.
  • I applied (after the quotes so that they were not inflated) for a EU eco grant and received it!
  • I started to write a blog about the local area that opened many doors – in other words, I joined in.

In direct contrast to the above I will fully admit, never having been part of a village with its incessant gossip and small town politics, I wish I had known how to avoid becoming the target of this gossip, in particular amongst the British ex-pats. My strong advice is:

  • Be polite, but distant until you can assess the local community and the various personalities. It will save a lot of heartache.

Brexit woes

Maybe the biggest “what I wish I knew” has to be that never in a century of Sundays did I imagine that the United Kingdom would leave Europe.

If I had, I would have spent less time starring dreamily at the unpolluted skies and more time finding out which paperwork I needed to fill out in Spain. Like so many others, I just did what I had to do when it hit me in the face. We were part of Europe weren’t we?

  • I delayed becoming a permanent resident for 4 years. If I hadn’t I would have been able to apply for Spanish citizenship before the Brexit deadline.  
  • I just received my first speeding fine after 10 years. I thought I had done well. However I wish I had got one 6 years ago as this little indiscretion revealed I was supposed to change my UK license for a Spanish one within 6 months of acquiring permanent Spanish residency. So I have been driving illegally in Spain for 6 years.
 
Conclusions? 
Anyway, all said and done, I am very happy here, my off-grid eco build has been finished, and I feel very fortunate indeed in view of what is happening in the world today. So that is my last piece of advice. No matter what goes wrong, and
something will, realize how very lucky you are.
 
Check out the photos of the finished project: 
 
 
 
 

 
 
To follow Stephanie de Leng and her adventures in rural Valencia check out her blog.
 

Member comments

  1. Why can’t anyone see this? It is not nice and also please look at my further blogs, especially recipes. Even my husband can’t not subscribe! Quite upset

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PROPERTY

Q&A: What to do if you buy a property built illegally in Spain

Buying an illegally built property in Spain is fairly common but can have several consequences down the line. Here's what you need to know, how to make it legal, whether you can sell it, and the benefits of doing so.

Q&A: What to do if you buy a property built illegally in Spain

Unfortunately, over the years, many properties have been built illegally in Spain, not adhering to local rules and regulations. Foreigners who don’t know the legislation can easily fall into the trap of buying one of these properties, only to find out later down the line.

Maybe it’s when they come to sell or perhaps it’s when they want to do works or improvements on the property.

There are several reasons a home could have been built illegally in Spain. Firstly, it could have been built on the wrong type of land. This is it could have been built on suelo rústico, rural land where residential properties are prohibited, also called no urbanizable

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It could have also been built too near the coast. This is down to the Ley de Costas or Coastal Law, which was brought into force in December 1989 in order to protect the costas from overdevelopment and high rises spoiling the landscape. 

The law defines different areas of the beach and dictates which is public land, owned by the state and which parts can be owned privately and built on.

If you buy or own a house in one of these non-buildable zones, there are many problems you could face down the line, often sooner rather than later. This is because there are several rules you have to abide by concerning works, reforms and extensions. In some cases, they may not be allowed at all and everything must be approved first by the local government by providing a detailed project.

Because of coastal erosion, this issue is getting worse as some shoreside homes that were once built outside of these areas are finding that they’re now illegal.

READ ALSO: 

The house may have also had extensions made to it that were built without a license, meaning that the extra parts are illegal.

Q: How do I know if my home is legal or not?

A: Unfortunately it can be difficult to know if your property is legal or not. You could have bought and signed for it with a notary and it could be inscribed on the Property Registry, but this still doesn’t mean it was built to the correct specification and on the right land.

The only way to truly tell is to find out if your home ever had a Licencia de Primera Ocupación or First Occupation license, also referred to as a Cédula de Habitabilidad or Certificate of Habitability. This means that according to the authorities, it is suitable to live in and has the correct licenses.

READ ALSO: How to get Spain’s certificate of liveability for properties

Q: What happens if my property doesn’t have a habitability certificate?

A: If your property has never had a Certificate of Habitability, you must regularise the legal situation. First you’ll need to start a legalisation file (expediente de legalización) and contact the town hall. Depending on the seriousness of the case (ie. where exactly it was built, if there’s any structural danger, whether the entire property is illegal or just an extension) the cost of making an illegal property legal can be considerable. As such, each case must be studied individually with the help of an expert to determine whether it is even feasible or worth the investment.

The next step is to bring in an architect and check whether the property complies with all the building regulations. If it does, you simply need present the expediente de legalización to your local town hall, who will confirm whether or not the property adheres to building regulations and can be made legal.

If it doesn’t, you’ll need to consider whether it will comply with the regulations after some renovations. If that’s the case, you’ll need to draw up a renovations project document (proyecto de reforma) outlining the proposed changes and how they will adhere to building regulations. It must be presented to the town hall along with your expediente de legalización.

According to law firm Acal, the legalisation process can be broken down into steps as follows:

  • Contact the town hall.
  • Begin with the expediente de legalización when the town hall confirm whether or not the property can be made legal.
  • Pay the corresponding fees and taxes (in this case it will be IBI) depending on your municipality and region.
  • If you need to make renovations, obtain the proyecto de reforma and hire an architect.
  • Obtain a building permit from the town hall.
  • Once completed, register the property in the Land Registry.

READ ALSO: What is Spain’s IBI tax and how do I pay it?

Q: Do I really need to make my property legal?

A: Yes, because it will benefit you in the long run. It doesn’t matter what the previous owner told you when you were originally buying the property, owning a property that isn’t fully legal (or legal at all) can create problems and even lead to fines worth up to 20 percent of the property’s value in extreme cases.

By going through the legalisation process and making the relevant renovations, if necessary, you gain a legal property for all purposes and with all the benefits that entails.

You will not have problems setting up, paying, or cancelling electricity, water or gas utility services. You won’t have to undertake reforms and renovation work unofficially, avoiding the eyes of the authorities. Instead you’ll be able to register your property in the Land Registry, which will make things much easier when you decide to sell it or pass it on.

In terms of selling it, perhaps that is the biggest benefit of legalising your illegal property: by registering it properly, you will be able to benefit from its full value when selling it. When a property is illegal, the appraised value will probably be no more than 40-45 percent of its real value at best.

The renovations needed to get your property in shape to meet the building regulations could be costly, but will they cost you half of the total value of your property? 

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