The move by the EU's executive arm against Italy's bloated budget begins a complicated process that — if approved by eurozone ministers — could result in a fine of more than €3 billion.

“We have concluded that … a debt-based excessive deficit procedure is warranted for Italy,” EU commission vice president Valdis Dombrovskis told reporters, adding that bloc ministers must confirm the decision.

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Italy's nationalist Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini on Saturday vowed not to yield to the EU, with fears that his fractured government could collapse under the pressure from Brussels.

The coalition of the hard-right League and anti-establishment Five Star Movement is deeply divided on how to handle the offensive by Brussels, with Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte threatening to resign if the squabbling did not stop.

Five Star deputy prime minister Luigi Di Maio reacted angrily to the EU's warning, saying: “We bear all the weight, and as if that weren't enough, they're lecturing us… We will go to Europe and discuss responsibly, so we can construct and not
destroy. But it's tough, when you see that every day they find another reason to say bad things about Italy and this government.”

Italy's public debt is a big problem and now sits at €2.3 trillion, or 132.2 percent of Italy's GDP — way above the 60 percent EU ceiling. The debt mountain leaves Italy very vulnerable to its cost of borrowing on financial markets that reward governments that adopt a more conciliatory attitude to Brussels.

Italian Finance Minister Giovanni Tria on Friday told Brussels that his government would do what it takes to rein in its soaring public debt, but without providing details.

Making matters worse, Italy on Friday revised its growth figures downwards for the first quarter of this year, putting spending commitments made to the EU even further out of reach.

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Italy's finance minister, Giovanni Tria, in Brussels. Photo: Emanuel Dunand/AFP

The feud with Rome comes just months after an earlier flare-up over Italy's draft budget for 2019.

Last year's technical recession had put intense pressure on the government in the eurozone's third largest economy, which won power in June on the back of big-spending electoral promises that ignored EU rules.

In a historic first, in October the Commission rejected Italy's budget, which promised a universal basic income and scrapped pension reform. The government was forced to water down its costly budget in December to avoid punishment and soaring borrowing prices on the markets.

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The EU's tough attitude comes under the insistence of Netherlands and Germany, which want eurozone partners to strictly abide by budget rules despite arguments that doing so stokes populism. 

The threat to put Italy into the sin bin comes on the same day that the commission officially proposed to remove Spain from the procedure, with Brussels satisfied that Madrid's public spending was back in order a decade after the financial crisis.