2011 has been the hottest year since 1864, when Switzerland first began to measure and record temperatures, said MeteoSwiss on Tuesday.

"/> 2011 has been the hottest year since 1864, when Switzerland first began to measure and record temperatures, said MeteoSwiss on Tuesday.

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2011: Switzerland’s hottest year on record

2011 has been the hottest year since 1864, when Switzerland first began to measure and record temperatures, said MeteoSwiss on Tuesday.

2011: Switzerland's hottest year on record
Patrick Hutter

Temperatures have been two degrees higher on average and the country has experienced its second worst drought, with the first four months of the year in particular unusually mild and dry.

On April 7th, for instance, temperatures soared to 26.1 degrees in Basel. In the Ticino region, in the south of the country, the same month saw near-tropical heat, with the city of Locarno-Monti basking in a balmy 31.8 degrees.

The summer, by contrast, saw very changeable weather. July temperatures were well below average for the season and rainfall was heavy.

Real summery weather did not arrive until August. The 22nd of that month was the hottest day of the year in Switzerland with temperatures hovering around 33 degrees. In the Alpine town of Sion, the mercury rose to 36.8 degrees.

The Swiss will also remember September 2011 for its mild temperatures and dry weather, and ultimately also for concerns surrounding a severe drought in the north of the country.

It was the second driest year since 1864. Even trees in Geneva were tricked by the unusual conditions and started blossoming again in November.

There was heavy snowfall in high-altitude resorts as early as September and October, but the eagerly awaited precitipitation did not reach the plateaus until mid-December, considerably later than normal.

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WEATHER

IN PICTURES: ‘Exceptional’ Sahara dust cloud hits Europe

An "exceptional" dust cloud from the Sahara is choking parts of Europe, the continent's climate monitor said on Monday, causing poor air quality and coating windows and cars in grime.

IN PICTURES: 'Exceptional' Sahara dust cloud hits Europe

Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service said the latest plume, the third of its kind in recent weeks, was bringing hazy conditions to southern Europe and would sweep northward as far as Scandinavia.

Mark Parrington, senior scientist at Copernicus, said the latest event was related to a weather pattern that has brought warmer weather to parts of Europe in recent days.

“While it is not unusual for Saharan dust plumes to reach Europe, there has been an increase in the intensity and frequency of such episodes in recent years, which could be potentially attributed to changes in atmospheric circulation patterns,” he said.

This latest episode has caused air quality to deteriorate in several countries, Copernicus said.

The European Union’s safe threshold for concentrations of PM10 — coarser particles like sand and dust that that can irritate the nose and throat — has already been exceeded in some locations.

A picture taken on April 8, 2024 shows a rapeseed field under thick sand dust blown in from the Sahara, giving the sky a yellowish appearance near Daillens, western Switzerland. – An “exceptional” dust cloud from the Sahara is choking parts of Europe, the continent’s climate monitor said, causing poor air quality and coating windows and cars in grime. (Photo by Fabrice COFFRINI / AFP)

The worst affected was the Iberian Peninsula in Spain but lesser air pollution spikes were also recorded in parts of Switzerland, France and Germany.

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Local authorities in southeastern and southern France announced that the air pollution threshold was breached on Saturday.

They advised residents to avoid intense physical activity, particularly those with heart or respiratory problems.

The dust outbreak was expected to reach Sweden, Finland and northwest Russia before ending on Tuesday with a shift in weather patterns, Copernicus said.

The Sahara emits between 60 and 200 million tonnes of fine dust every year, which can travel thousands of kilometres (miles), carried by winds and certain meteorological conditions.

The Spanish Canary Islands off the coast of northwest Africa saw just 12 days within a 90-day period from December to February where skies were free of Saharan dust, the local weather agency Aemet had reported.

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