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MILITARY

Hungary demands visit from Swedish PM before Nato approval

The group leader of Hungary's ruling party has said that Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson must first come come to Budapest before the country's parliament can approve Sweden's application to join the Nato alliance.

Hungary demands visit from Swedish PM before Nato approval
Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán. Photo: AP Photo/Denes Erdos

MPs from the ruling Fidesz party and its KDNP allies boycotted an extraordinary sitting of parliament to debate Sweden’s Nato bid, which had been called for 1pm on Monday at the opposition’s request. 

“Our opinion is that the ratification of Sweden’s Nato application can happen immediately once parliament begins its ordinary session. But for this to happen, a meeting of the two prime ministers is required in Budapest,” Máté Kocsis, group leader for the Fidesz party wrote on Facebook just before the session.

“If it’s important for the Swedes to join, then they need to come here, just like they went to Turkey”.

Budapest remains the last holdout to ratify the Nordic country’s bid to join the military alliance, following Turkey’s ratification in January.

Hungary has maintained close ties with the Kremlin after its invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, and while it has said it supports the Swedish bid in principle, it has been dragging its feet for months.

Prime Minister Viktor Orbán is delaying the vote due to his “personal vanity”, Agnes Vadai from the biggest opposition party told AFP.

Orbán seeks to “make headlines in the international press, while making a gesture to Russian President Vladimir Putin by undermining the unity of Nato and the EU,” she said.

The United States has ramped up pressure on Hungary to ratify Stockholm’s bid. On Friday, the US embassy publicly reminded Orbán that he promised to act “at the first opportunity” and “Monday’s session provides him with one”, it said in a statement.

Co-chairs of the US Senate’s Nato Observer Group warned that “both time and patience are wearing thin.”

Orbán has invited his Swedish counterpart to Hungary, citing the need to “build strong mutual trust” through “more intense political dialogue”.

Sweden’s Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson accepted the invitation, but rejected the idea of “negotiations” and “demands” concerning the country’s bid to join Nato.

Parliament is due to reconvene on 26 February, and ratification could take place quickly once it has received Viktor Orbán’s approval.

Turkey’s parliament last month ratified Sweden’s Nato membership after more than a year of delays that upset Western efforts to show resolve in the face of Russia’s war on Ukraine.

Nato membership applications require unanimous ratifications by all alliance members.

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MILITARY

EXPLAINED: What you need to know about Sweden’s new military spending report

Sweden's parliamentary defence commission on Friday recommended adding 52.8 billion kronor to the national defence budget by 2030, taking defence spending to 2.6 percent of GDP.

EXPLAINED: What you need to know about Sweden's new military spending report

What is the Swedish Defence Commision? 

The Swedish Defence Commission is a cross-party forum which seeks to ensure broad political agreement around Sweden’s defence requirements. It brings together representatives of all eight parties in the Swedish parliament, with two each from the Moderates, Sweden Democrats and Social Democrats and one each for the other parties.

There are also advisers and experts from the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Finance, the Prime Minister’s Office, the Swedish Armed Forces, the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration and the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency. Members of the committee are supported by a secretariat comprising one principal secretary and five secretaries.

What is the report they have delivered? 

The committee on Friday delivered its final, report, “Strengthened defence capability, Sweden as an Ally“, meeting the deadline given by the country’s defence minister Pål Jonson when he ordered the committee to develop proposals for a new defence bill in December 2022, with a total of four reports, the first three of which were delivered in April 2023, June 2023, December 2023. 

What have they recommended? 

The committee have recommended that Sweden’s budget is increased from 119 billion kronor a year in 2024 to 185 billion kronor in 2030, which would bring total spending to 2.6 percent of Sweden’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). 

The committee said it agreed with the recommendations given by Micael Byden, Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces in November 2023, which were that Sweden should increase or improve: 

  • air defence and in particular its cooperation within NATO’s Integrated Air and Missile Defence (IAMD)
  • its ability to combat air, land and sea drones 
  • its integration with NATO’s command system
  • its logistics, so that it can provide Host Nation Support and serve as a base for other units from other Nato countries. 
  • its capacity to operate with military units outside Sweden’s borders 

But the committee also made additional recommendations beyong those given by the armed forces, calling for: 

  • two new army brigades, so that Sweden would have three mechanised brigades and one infantry brigade by 2030
  • a new Norrland Infantry Regiment,
  • an increase in the number of conscripts trained a year from the current level of 8,000 to 10,000 in 2030 and 12,000 in 2032, and possibly to 14,000 in 2035
  • a boost in Sweden’s air defence capability, particularly to counter drone attacks 
  • stocking up on additional ammunition, including air-to-air and cruise missiles, and spare parts 
  • 20 new companies and platoons dedicated to defending Sweden’s territories 
  • increased refresher courses for conscripts, extra funding of voluntary defence organisations, and expansion of the officer education programme

How will the cost of funding this military expansion be met? 

While they were agreed on what needed to be done, party representatives on the committee did not agree on how much needed to be spent or how ti should be financed. 

The Centre Party representative said that spending should be higher, comprising 3 percent of GDP. 

The representatives from the Social Democrats, Left Party, and Green Party, added a statement to the report when they called for a section on how the extra spending should be financed.  

Peter Hultqvist, who served as defence minister under the former Social Democrat government, called for a new beredskapsskatt, or “Readiness Tax” to fund the increase, saying it was disappointing that the committee had not been able to agree on financing. 

“This demand is so big that it risks pushing other pressing requirements out of government spending plans,” he said. “There is a risk that healthcare, education and elderly care will be hit.” 

But Ulf Kristersson, Sweden’s prime minister, rejected the idea of a new tax. 

“It’s no secret that the parties on the left always see reasons to raise taxes, and that’s the case this time as well, I assume. But that is not our way forward,” he said. “We must be able to prioritise Swedish defense, and I understand that there is now complete agreement that it is an important political task.” 

Anna Starbrink, a defence spokesperson for the Liberals, the smallest party in the government, said that the Swedish Defence Commission had not in the past been tasked with developing funding proposals. 

“This is a new idea from the opposition and from the Social Democrats’ side is about nothing more than forcing through a new tax hike through the defence commission, and that’s something the rest of us don’t want to go along with,” she said. 

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