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CITIZENSHIP

Reader Question: How soon after receiving French citizenship can you vote?

One of the most exciting aspects of gaining French nationality is getting to take part in the French electoral process. Here is what to expect.

Reader Question: How soon after receiving French citizenship can you vote?
A woman holds her electoral card and passport while casting her ballot for the second round of France's presidential election at a polling station in Bouee, western France on April 24, 2022. (Photo by Loic VENANCE / AFP)

If you were previously an EU citizen you may have already been eligible to vote in local and European elections, but only French citizens can vote in presidential and legislative elections.

Non-EU citizens, however, have no voting rights in France – so for many people becoming French also means being re-enfranchised to vote in the country where they live.

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Anyone who has become French since 2019 benefits from automatic registration in the liste électorale. This means that most people can be eligible to vote shortly after acquiring French nationality.

Once you receive confirmation of your French citizenship, you can go online and double check you are registered using the Service-Public website.This will also inform you of where to go to cast your vote on election day.

After that, there is one more step: you still need to verify that you are also on the additional, annually updated, roll in order to take part in individual elections. You can do this online, here.

Be sure to double check that you are registered for both municipal and European elections. You can also do this process in person at your local mairie if you prefer.

Once you have gone through those steps – which may not take more than a few minutes, depending on your situation – then you should be eligible to vote in France.

What if I am not registered?

If you have only recently acquired French nationality, then you should be on the electoral list. However, if you are not, then you can make sure your registration is in order at your local mairie’s offices. You will need:

  • Proof of identity;
  • Proof of nationality (a passport or certificate of naturalisation);
  • Proof of address (a rent receipt, tax return, water or electricity bill);
  • A completed vote registration form – find that here

What to bring when voting

When you go to vote, you need a form of identification in most towns, although municipalities of less than 1,000 inhabitants do not have this obligation. However, the head of the polling station in small towns might ask you to prove your identity in another manner.

For an ID, you have several options, including: a French national identity card (valid or expired for less than 5 years), a passport (valid or expired for less than 5 years), your Carte Vitale (as long as it has your photograph), a valid French military card (Carte du combattant), a valid French disability card (as long as it has a photograph), a valid driver’s licence, and even a hunting licence (as long as it has a photograph and was issued by the National Office for Hunting and Wildlife).

Technically, your voter registration card is not required to vote, but it is highly recommended. 

READ MORE: A voté: How to register and cast your vote in France

How do you get a voter card?

The electoral card (carte électorale) is sent by post to your home at least three days prior to the first round of an election or referendum. 

If your electoral card has not been distributed to you before the election or referendum, it is kept at the polling station. You can collect it by presenting an identity document.

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For members

LIVING IN FRANCE

Why nearly 2 million addresses in France are set to change

Hundreds of thousands of home addresses across France are set to change due to a new law that is coming into force that means no more nameless roads in French villages.

Why nearly 2 million addresses in France are set to change

Officials of villages in France with fewer than 2,000 inhabitants have until June 1st to fill out a government website with updated information about street names and house numbers, which includes naming roads that were previously nameless.

The changes are a result of the 3Ds law – so-called because it relates to Différenciation, Décentralisation, Déconcentration – which was adopted in 2022, and requires communes to allocate formal addresses to houses on the estimated 200,000 or so streets with no name.

Until this law, smaller communes had not been obliged to name individual roads, or number individual houses, giving rise to some interesting addresses – that are more like descriptions – in some hamlets.

From June 1st, however, ‘house with green door after the bakery by the church’ will no longer be acceptable as an address. Good news for property owners who have had trouble getting packages delivered.

How common are unnamed streets in France?

There are plenty. According to La Poste, there were about 1.8 million French households had no exact formal address at the end of 2023 – a figure that’s down from 3.5 million in 2017.

In all, it said, 20,000 of France’s 34,000 or so municipalities had at least one unnamed road. As recently as February, more than half of local authorities with fewer than 2,000 inhabitants still had to update their database.

Communes with fewer than 2,000 inhabitants had, until now, no obligation to name streets, or even squares. From June 1st, all roads must have a name; and all properties must be numbered. 

Most of the time, a lack of street name in a hamlet is unproblematic. Everyone knows everyone in smalltown France, and postal workers know their areas well. But, in emergency situations, for example, it can be an issue.

Under the 3Ds law, communes have to deliver their ‘local address database’ – which in turn populates a national database – by June 1st, 2024. This has been known about for a while, giving communes time to agree any new street names.

What does it mean for people living in these areas?

There’s a bit of admin work coming your way, if you live in a currently unnumbered house on one of the currently unnamed streets.

Once your street has a name and your house a number, you will have to tell any employers, utility suppliers, telephone operators et cetera that your address has been updated. You may also have to update any ID cards or residency permits. How and when you do this is up to you.

But I like my ‘lieu-dit’ address!

It’s okay. There was some early confusion for some mayors, but lieu-dit – which simply means locality – addresses are fine. The rule of thumb is if emergency services can find it quickly and easily, an address is good. 

In future, rather than your address being “Lieu-dit Les Essarts”, the address will change to “[house number and street name], Lieu-dit Les Essarts”.

Do I have a say in my street’s name and house number, then?

No. That would be a local authority matter. But you could end up with an unexpected property number, depending on where you live. This is because the database is intended to help emergency services and delivery companies find a particular address easily.

If you live in splendid isolation in the only house on a one-lane road that’s a kilometre after the crossroads, you may find your house is number 1,000 – because your property is 1,000m up the road.

This is going to get expensive, isn’t it?

It won’t be as pricey as first feared. Under original plans, local authorities were obliged to pay for street signs and house numbers, but the house number requirement has been dropped, and it’s up to local mairies to decide how many street signs are necessary.

However, if you want to arrange a house number for yourself, be aware that the mairie can dictate what it looks like, so that all properties remain in keeping with the village’s rural aesthetic. 

READ MORE: How to get planning permission for your French property

Who can access the database?

Anyone. The database is in open data format. Public and private entities will use it to find your property to deliver goods and services – everything from parcels and letters, to connecting properties to the fibre network, and getting to you in an emergency.

The data available is limited to house number, street name and commune. No other information will be available, or required, as this law refers only to the location of a building.

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