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TAXES

Denmark confirms tax cuts in most income brackets

Denmark is to introduce income tax cuts worth an estimated ten billion kroner after a deal was reached confirming an earlier proposal.

Denmark confirms tax cuts in most income brackets
Finance Minister Nicolai Wammen heads a team of Danish lawmakers presenting the country's income tax reforms, which will take effect in 2025. Photo: Thomas Traasdahl/Ritzau Scanpix

The tax reform has been in the pipeline for some time and has now been agreed upon between the government and a number of opposition parties, enabling a final version of it to pass through parliament.

The agreement was presented on Thursday by government ministers as well as representatives from opposition parties the Social Liberals, Conservatives, Denmark Democrats and Nye Borgerlige, all of which back the reforms.

Among other measures, the reform increases the income tax deduction given to people in employment, beskæftigelsesfradraget, and adds a new bracket of tax for the very highest earners, usually referred to in Danish as toptopskat, “top-top-tax”. 

“[The agreement] means that over three million Danes [taxpayers in Denmark, ed.] will get more out of going to work. It also means that if you are a single-parent provider, you will get more from going to work,” Finance Minister Nicolai Wammen said at the briefing, as reported by news wire Ritzau.

“The aim of this is to make it more attractive to make an effort [to work],” he added.

The bulk of the agreement closely resembles the proposal presented by the government in November.

This includes a raise to the income tax deduction given to people in employment, beskæftigelsesfradraget. An additional tax cut will be given to single-parent families.

READ ALSO: Beskæftigelsesfradraget: What is Denmark’s employment allowance?

The highest rate of tax, topskatwill be halved for persons whose annual income is under 750,000 kroner, meaning they will pay a rate of 7.5 percent on income that falls into the topskat bracket, instead of the regular 15 percent.

The government also proposes adding a new bracket of tax for the very highest earners, often referred to in Danish as toptopskat, literally “top-top-tax”. The new bracket will apply to people with annual incomes over 2.5 million kroner.

Other measures not included in the proposal have been added to the final agreement. This includes the reduction of inheritance tax and repeal of a tax related to inheritance from siblings.

The government projects that the tax reform will increase the country’s workforce by at least 5,300 people by 2030.

Bruus said that Denmark’s tax system is neither more nor less complex under the new rules.

“It’s become fairer,” he said.

The reforms will begin to take effect from 2025.

While the cost of the reforms is quoted at 10.75 billion kroner, the government expects their overall cost to the state to be 6.75 billion kroner, because it will increase consumer spending power which will find its way back to the state via VAT (moms).

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TAXES

How does income tax work in Denmark?

Denmark is an expensive place to live, which makes understanding taxes even more important.

How does income tax work in Denmark?

All wage earners in Denmark pay an income tax (indkomstskat), which consists of various components. The largest part of most people’s income tax is municipality tax (kommuneskat), which I about 25 percent of your gross income (the actual percentage varies by 1-2 percent depending on the municipality in which you live).

A salary in Denmark also include deductions for labour market tax (AM-bidrag 8%), state tax (bundskat 12%) and state pension contribution (ATP-bidrag 94.65 kroner).

If you have an income of 45,500 kroner per month (which is the average salary in Denmark, according to Statistics Denmark), that means around 45 percent will be taxed, and 94.65 will go towards the state pension.

Various tax deductions can result in this amount being reduced, the most common one being for commuting to work.

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Depending on your earning levels, you may also be taxed at higher rate for the highest bracket of your salary. This high-wage tax bracket is called topskat (literally “top tax”).

The amount you need to earn to pay topskat changes each year but in 2024, the threshold is 640,108 kroner. After labour market contributions (AM-bidrag), this is 588,900 kroner. 

If you earn less than this, you don’t pay topskat. If you earn more than this, you pay a tax rate of 15 percent on all earnings from this threshold and up.

To give an example, if you earn 690,108 kroner before labour market contributions, you will pay 15 percent topskat on 50,000 kroner of your earnings – the amount by which the threshold is exceeded.

A major tax reform to be phased in from next year will see several changes to the income tax system, particularly in relation to top tax and other tax brackets.

Topskat will be halved for persons whose annual income is under 750,000 kroner, meaning they will pay a rate of 7.5 percent on income that falls into the topskat bracket, instead of the regular 15 percent. This “lower” rate of topskat has been termed mellemskat (“medium-tax”).

A new rate will meanwhile be introduced for the very highest earners, often referred to in Danish as toptopskat, literally “top-top-tax”. The new bracket will apply to people with annual incomes over 2.5 million kroner.

As well as income from employment, other types of personal income are included in the tax calculation. These can include pension distributions, social security benefits, property earnings, remuneration for advisory assistance and dividends from Danish companies.

complex list and system of deductions (fradrag) is used by the Danish tax model, such as the commuter deduction mentioned above as well as pension contributions, trade union and unemployment insurance memberships, home services and work costs. Deductions can be applicable to the various types of income or tax base.

Do you have any specific questions about the Danish tax system you’d like us to write about? Let us know.

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