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GERMAN HISTORY

Germany plans Berlin memorial for Polish victims of Nazis

Germany on Tuesday announced plans to establish a memorial in Berlin to the Polish victims of the Nazis, almost 84 years after Adolf Hitler launched the invasion of Poland.

A memorial plaque commemorating Polish soldiers in Berlin
A memorial plaque commemorating Polish soldiers outside Berlin Technical University. Photo: picture alliance/dpa | Fabian Sommer

“We urgently need a place of remembrance, a place of understanding and encounter with our neighbour Poland,” German culture minister Claudia Roth said at a press conference in Berlin.

The announcement comes as the government in Warsaw has whipped up anger towards Germany ahead of legislative elections later this year.

The leader of the ruling Law and Justice party Jaroslaw Kaczynski has suggested Berlin wants to interfere in the election campaign and install opposition rival Donald Tusk as prime minister.

READ ALSO: German president asks forgiveness on Warsaw ghetto anniversary

Roth acknowledged the tensions in response to a question, expressing her “regret at some anti-German campaigns”.

The project, which originated in 2017, will commemorate the victims of the Nazi invasion of Poland, which claimed the lives of between five and six million Poles, including three million Jews.

Dubbed the “German-Polish House”, the memorial is set to be built on the site of the former Kroll Opera in central Berlin, next to the chancellor’s office and opposite the Bundestag.

The prominent location is symbolic, according to the planners. The Kroll Opera housed German deputies after the Reichstag fire in 1933, which helped the Nazis strengthen their grip on power, and it was in the theatre that Hitler announced the invasion of Poland on September 1st, 1939.

German MPs would discuss a more concrete proposal next year, under the plan presented by officials, while a more precise construction time scale was not given.

Warsaw has long insisted it is owed reparations by Germany for the losses suffered during World War II.

The idea has been flatly rebuffed by Berlin, which says Poland renounced compensation claims in a 1953 accord.

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TRANSPORT

How a 200 year-old train could speed up transportation in Berlin

A project to renew an old train line would bring new stations and faster connections to passengers in Berlin. Here are the new routes being planned in the city’s southwest.

How a 200 year-old train could speed up transportation in Berlin

Berlin-Brandenburg’s transportation authority (VBB) is pushing to extend train lines and add connections between the capital city and surrounding regions. 

One related project involves bringing an old, now defunct, train line back to life and adding seven train stations, along with new, faster transit connections. 

Interestingly, the line in question was the first to be built in the region. The derelict “trunk line” is to be put back into operation 200 years after its completion, the VBB says. 

History of the ‘trunk line’

In 1838 a main railway line was built from Potsdam to Berlin. It was Germany’s second completed railway line and the first in Prussia. 

Stations in Steglitz and Schöneberg were added and it was extended to Magdeburg by 1846. Later it was connected to other lines, becoming the main “trunk” of the Prussian railway network. It is often called the Stammbahn (or trunk line) in German today.

As S-Bahn traffic increased, additional parallel tracks were added. By 1933 the tracks between Zehlendorf and Potsdamer Bahnhof in Berlin were electrified. 

Then, during World War II, destruction of the bridge over the Teltow Canal in 1945, disrupted operations on the main line. Following the war, the division of Berlin and the construction of the Berlin Wall made reconstruction of the main line unfeasible. 

In 1980, the last stretch of the main line that was still in use for passenger traffic was shut down. 

Why bring back an old train line?

Residents of suburban southwest Berlin, Kleinmachnow and Potsdam would be better served if the old line was restored, and increasingly transportation and city planners see value in doing so.

The citizens’ initiative Stammbahn was founded in 1999 to emphasise the demand for a better rail infrastructure in the southwest of Berlin and Brandenburg, with the common goal of reopening the Berlin-Potsdam trunk line. 

They suggest that Berlin’s southwestern regions are underserved by the city’s otherwise well-connected transportation network, and that road and rail congestion on the current routes is already high.

According to the citizens’ initiative, the Stammbahn could cut passenger travel times in half — particularly from Zehlendorf to Berlin Hauptbahnhof, or from Kleinmachnow to Potsdamer Platz.

For years, various plans around the trunk line were drawn up and then thrown out. But in 2022, Deutsche Bahn finally pitched an idea that stuck. Now concrete plans are coming together – the traditional trunk line is to be integrated into the regional train network. 

READ ALSO: Germany’s longest regional train journeys with the €49 ticket

Which new stations and lines will be added?

According to Berliner Zeitung, the trunk line restoration will include the construction of several new train stations in Berlin’s southwest. New stations have the working titles Dreilinden, Europarc, and Düppel-Kleinmachnow.

Additional regional train (RE) stations will also be added to existing S-bahn stations where the line will connect, such as at Zehlendorf, Rathaus Steglitz and Schöneberg stations. From there, the main line would connect to Berlin’s Ringbahn lines, and an additional regional line platform may be added at either Hermannstraße or Neukölln stations.

map of the Stammbahn project

Mao of the Stammbahn route as it is currently planned. GRAPHIC courtesy of citizens’ initiative Stammbahn / Mathias Hiller

Even for Berliners living beyond the direct reach of the Stammbahn, transfer connections added by the line will result in faster journeys across the capital city. 

Following the completion of the project, passengers can expect to travel more quickly between Potsdam and Zehlendorf or Zehlendorf to the main station; also from Steglitz to Ostkreuz, or from Schöneberg to Bad Belzig or Golm.

When will the restored trunk line be functional?

Berlin-Brandenburg’s transportation authority (VBB) has confirmed its plans to put the Stammbahn line back into operation 200 years after its completion – aiming to begin operations by 2038.

READ ALSO: German government expects more punctual trains ‘by Christmas’

According a VBB press release from last year, the project has already secured funding through i2030, which is an investment program to expand rail connections between Berlin and the surrounding regions.

“The financing is in place, the preliminary planning should be available in 2026,” the citizens’ initiative Stammbahn told Berliner Zeitung.

For now, the tracks along the old trunk line are covered in rust with trees sprouting up between rotting wooden sleepers. In a few years time, it may be transformed into a long construction site.

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