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EXPLAINED: The laws around going topless in Germany

A Berlin woman has successfully sued for the right of all people in the capital to swim topless. Famous for its culture of nudity -German laws are often still unclear.

Topless swimming in Berlin pools
Berlin is now explicitly allowing all swimmers, regardless of gender, to swim topless. Photo: picture alliance/dpa | Annette Riedl

What’s happening in Berlin?

Despite some popular beliefs around Germany’s relaxed attitude to nudity, the country’s famous Freikörperkultur (FKK or “free body culture”) can still lead to a confusing mess as to what rules governing nudity actually entail.

Berlin resident Lotte Mies found that out herself when she swam topless in a pool in the Kaulsdorf district.

Mies was wearing a swimming bottom, but no top, and the lifeguard asked her to leave. Pointing out that the pool’s rules only specified that swimmers wear “commercially available swimsuits” – which she had – Mies filed a complaint with Berlin’s office for equal treatment.

The ombudsman sided with her, saying that the regulation to wear “commercially available swimsuits” isn’t gender-specific. Essentially, the office said that if men can go topless at Berlin’s public pools, women and non-binary people can too.

The office acknowledged that the rules could be confusing, and so clarified that the capital will allow topless swimming and sunbathing everywhere in the future. The clarified rule applies to indoor and outdoor pools, beaches, and parks. By making this clarification explicit, the ombudsman also wanted to give staff the confidence that they were enforcing all rules correctly.

But everyone, regardless of gender, still has to wear a “commercially available” swimming bottom when in a Berlin public pool. The point is not that pools cannot add clothing restrictions – merely that it has to apply to everyone equally.

“If men are allowed to do something and women aren’t, that’s not only unfair, that’s sexist,” Mies told Berliner Zeitung in an interview. “After all, I don’t intend to go topless to restaurants or cinemas – but that’s not the case for men either.”

What’s the view elsewhere in Germany?

Despite having a reputation as perhaps Germany’s most liberal city, Berlin is not the first to look at its rules on going topless.

Last summer, a swimming pool in Göttingen threw out someone for refusing to cover up, having told staff that he identifies as male.

The city responded by clarifying that going topless was allowed – regardless of gender – but initially only on weekends, in order to not affect swimming lessons. This does make Berlin the first – and so far only – German city to specifically clarify that going topless in public is allowed all the time.

Goettingen swimming pools topless

Göttingen became the first German city to allow topless swimming in summer 2022, but only for a limited time. Photo: picture alliance/dpa | Swen Pförtner

READ ALSO: German city allows women to bathe topless in pools

Otherwise, the law isn’t always clear. German law doesn’t outright ban nudity, but it does group public nudity with “nuisance” behaviours. So if your public nudity is bothering someone, you can run afoul of the law.

What about FKK?

The exceptions to this are obviously where full nudity is explicitly allowed.

The majority of saunas in Germany require customers to be fully naked for hygiene reasons (although a towel has to be placed down for people to sit or lie on). 

There are also many beaches throughout Germany where full FKK – Freikörperkultur – is specifically allowed. These will typically be marked with a sign.

If there isn’t one, assume that you may still run afoul of the rules if you go fully naked there – although these aren’t always enforced. Also, if no one specifically complains, you’re not being a “nuisance” with your nudity – and you’ve thus not committed an offence under German law.

From Sylt to Bavaria though, there are plenty of options for FKK enthusiasts, which you can find on this list for “naked bathing”.

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BERLIN

The best events happening in Berlin in May 2024

From Workers' Day dancing and demonstrating to a chili festival plus lots of culture - here are some events to keep you busy in Berlin this May.

The best events happening in Berlin in May 2024

Do you have an event in Berlin or elsewhere in Germany that you’d like us to highlight? Let us know by emailing [email protected]

May Day events – across the city 

For Tag der Arbeit or International Workers’ Day on May 1st, several events are happening across Berlin, including local community gatherings and hang-outs in parks.

For those looking to get on their dancing shoes, Labour Day events take place annually particularly in the Kreuzberg area of the city. The “Tanzen statt arbeiten’ or ‘Dancing instead of working on May 1st’ starts from 10am at Mariannenplatz and is free to the public.

Nearby, there is a free open air event at Bolzplatz Falckensteinstraße Xberg.

Some clubs are also offering free-entrance day time events, including Renate and Ritter Butzke.

If attending a demonstration for workers’ rights is more your thing then check out the annual Labour Day rally held by the German Trade Union Confederation (DGB). 

It takes place from 12pm under the motto ‘More wages, more free time, more security’ outside the Rotes Rathaus in Mitte. An event for children will also be held in the area, making it a family-friendly draw. 

READ ALSO: ‘Tag der Arbeit’: What to do on May 1st in Germany

May Day revelry in Berlin

Berlin’s Görlitzer Park in Kreuzberg often becomes an over-crowded hub for casual May Day celebrations on the 1st. Photo: picture alliance / dpa | Ole Spata

XJAZZ! Festival, May 6th-12th, across Berlin

Music fans should prepare as the XJAZZ! Festival is taking over the city this month. 

A total of 10 stages in Kreuzberg will host more than 70 concerts for the event, featuring to a mix of styles from jazz, funk, hip-hop and more.

Artists such as Florence Adooni and Nduduzo Makhathini are on the bill. 

Check out the various ticket options here.

READ ALSO: Seven unmissable events happening around Germany in May 2024

Chandelier sessions with David Kitt, May 6th, Wilmersdorf

For a local music event, check out the Chandelier Sessions.

On Monday May 6th, well-known Irish musician David Kitt will perform at the Tuesday Coworking site at Bundesallee 187, 10717 Berlin-Wilmersdorf. 

Produced and recorded by Kitt himself, his 2023 album ‘Idiot Check’ was written between 2016 and 2022 in Dublin, Paris and eventually the remote town of Ballinskelligs in south-west Kerry county, where the artist moved during the pandemic and has stayed ever since. 

Exploring a range of themes from the breakdown of relationships, to socio-political issues and the absence of religion, Kitt’s songwriting reflects the current turbulent times and is relatable. 

Doors open at 7.30pm, with the music kicking off at 8.30pm.

Tickets to the Chandelier Sessions are donation-based and must be booked via Eventbrite.

Primavera Spring Festival, May 11th-12th, Schöneberg

Head west in mid-May for Schöneberg’s community spring festival to enjoy German local produce, including asparagus. 

Akazienstraße is transformed into a promenade featuring lots of stalls selling plants and garden items as well as snacks. 

It’s the perfect wholesome festival if you’re looking to spruce up your balcony for summer, as well as sample some cute cafes and shops. 

Berlin Chili Festival, Berliner Berg Brewery, May 25th-26th

The fiery Berlin Chili Festival is returning for its spring edition. The event, which is sponsored by Oatly, will be held at the Berliner Berg brewery and you can expect a celebration of chilis, hot sauce, craft beer, and food.

Guests attending the two-day family-friendly festival will be able to enjoy live music, comedy, and cabaret on the main stage, with Oatly providing drinks and soft-serve ice cream to soothe the spice burn. 

The festival will see some of Europe’s best hot sauce makers will come together to offer different varieties. There will be 55 hot sauce stands and delicious food from 15 carefully selected vendors.

Get ready for your chili fix at the Berlin Chili Festival.

Get ready for your chili fix at the Berlin Chili Festival. Image by NoName_13 from Pixabay

Speaking ahead of the event, founder Neil Numb said: “We are really excited to be returning again this May. Our September event was our biggest yet, with over 7,000 chili fans attending over the two days, and this latest event looks set to be even bigger and we are thrilled to be working with such an amazing partner with Oatly.”

Entry to the event is via donation either in advance or on the door. Full information can be found at https://www.berlinchilifest.com/

Blown Away – The Palace of the Republic, Humboldt Forum, starting May 17th

The Palace of the Republic was a building that hosted the parliament of East Germany for several years. But it was knocked down – and the Humboldt Forum now stands in its place. 

A special programme called ‘Hin und weg. The Palace of the Republic is Present’ will focus on the vanished site, reflecting on its own existence and prehistory as well as the publicly debated question of why the palace was demolished and the Humboldt Forum built in its place.

An exhibition starting May 17th will bring together objects from and about the palace, drawings, photographs and posters, as well as audio and video interviews.

Karneval del Kulturen, May 17th to 20th, across Kreuzberg

There are lots of public holidays in Germany this May. And on the Whitsun-long weekend, the Karneval atmosphere in Berlin is once again set to take place. 

Guests come from all over the world to celebrate this four-day street festival from Friday to Whit Monday, which includes multicultural parades and events through the city with over 2,500 groups and performers.

With a focus is on cultural openness and diversity, the highlight is the parade through Kreuzberg on Sunday starting from 2pm. From Brazilian samba to West African drums and Bernese carnival brass, you’ll hear music and see folk costumes from all over the world. 

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