Jean-Luc Kister, whose face was not covered in the hour-long video interview, said he believed it was now the right time to say sorry to the family of Portuguese photographer Fernando Pereira, who was killed in the explosion, to Greenpeace and to the people of New Zealand.

   

“Thirty years after the event, now that emotions have subsided and also with the distance I now have from my professional life, I thought it was the right time for me to express both my deepest regret and my apologies,” Kister said.

   

On July 10, 1985, the Rainbow Warrior was docked in Auckland on its way to protest against French nuclear testing at Mururoa Atoll, about 1,200

kilometres (750 miles) southeast of Tahiti.   

 

Kister was working for France's spy agency, the DGSE, which carried out an unprecedented mission to stop Greenpeace by bombing a peaceful protest ship without warning in the waters of a friendly nation.

   

He was part of the so-called “third team”, whose mission was to attach two large limpet mines to the hull of the converted trawler, working with fellow frogman Jean Camas.

   

A third member of the team, Gerard Royal, a brother of France's current environment minister and former presidential candidate Segolene Royal, picked up the two men in a dinghy after the covert operation.

   

“I have the blood of an innocent man on my conscience, and that weighs on me,” a visibly emotional Kister said in the interview. “We are not cold-blooded killers. My conscience led me to apologise and explain myself.”

   

He said the mission that the 12-strong unit were ordered to carry out by then French defence minister Charles Hernu was “disproportionate” and he claimed that other less drastic ways of damaging the ship, such as breaking the propeller shaft to prevent it from taking to sea, were rejected by the government.

   

“There was a willingness at a high level to say: this has to end once and for all, we need to take radical measures. We were told we had to sink it.

 

Well, it's simple to sink a boat, you have to put a hole in it.”

 

Name was leaked 

 

Kister's name was leaked to the media soon after the bombing, albeit with a spelling mistake as Kyster. He said he considered his unmasking to be an act of “high treason”.

   

“I'm not angry at the journalists, it's the political powers I blame. If it had been in the United States, other heads would have rolled.”

   

Two days after the bombing, two of the agents who took part — Alain Mafart and Dominique Prieur, who had posed as a couple of Swiss tourists — were arrested by New Zealand police and their identities revealed. Hernu, the defence minister, was forced to resign two months later.

   

Mafart and Prieur were charged with murder, eventually pleading guilty to manslaughter and receiving 10-year jail terms, but they were freed within months under a deal that sparked almost as much anger in New Zealand as the bombing, involving France threatening to block trade access to European markets unless Wellington handed over the agents.

   

France has since made an official apology for the bombing of the Rainbow Warrior and paid damages. In 1996 it halted the nuclear testing that had

prompted the Greenpeace protest.

   

The interview was carried out by French journalist and Mediapart founder Edwy Plenel, who in September 1985 revealed in a Le Monde newspaper report the involvement of the DGSE frogman in planting the explosives.

   

Plenel says one aspect of the infamous bombing remains unexplained to this day — how much then president Francois Mitterrand knew about the operation.

   

Although Mitterrand was aware that it was going to take place, “at which point did he know the operation was going to be so violent?”, Plenel asked.