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ECONOMY

Central bank upgrades Danish growth outlook

Denmark’s central bank, Nationalbanken, has surprisingly upgraded its expectations for economic growth and revealed that the majority of the pressure on the Danish krone came from domestic investors.

Central bank upgrades Danish growth outlook
Nationalbanken's (L-R) Per Callesen, Lars Rhode and Hugo Frey Jensen presented the new forecast Wednesday. Photo: Jeppe Bjørn Vejlø/Scanpix
Nationalbanken said on Wednesday that it is now predicting Denmark’s GDP to grow by 2.0 percent this year, a 0.3 percent increase over its projections from December. The growth forecast for 2016 meanwhile was marginally upgraded to 2.1 percent. 
 
“Growth is stimulated by the continued fall in oil prices, lower interest rates and a weaker effective krone rate. Each of these three factors contributes to boosting the economy,” a statement from the bank read. 
 
Nationalbanken said that the drop in oil prices would not lead to deflation in Denmark, despite the concerns raised when consumer prices dropped in January for the first time since 1954.
 
“The falls in oil prices seen in previous months will not lead to actual deflation in Denmark, i.e. to general and sustained price falls. While the lower oil prices do curb inflation here and now, the overall effect will be positive for the Danish economy,” Nationalbanken wrote. 
 
In its statement, the central bank also revealed that the massive pressure applied to the krone in mid-January largely came from domestic sources. 
 
“Danmarks Nationalbank’s compilation shows that almost two thirds of the inflow of foreign capital – and the resultant purchases of Danish kroner in both January and February – came from domestic institutional investors, including pension and insurance companies, while non-resident investors accounted for just over one third,” the bank wrote. 
 
After Switzerland decided to abandon its ties to the euro in mid-January, speculators aggressively turned their attention to the Danish krone. In response, Nationalbanken cut interest rates four times in a span of less than three weeks.  
 
The approach seems to have put the speculators on retreat, as several said that they have given up on buying out the krone. 
 
In its statement Wednesday, the bank once again stressed that Denmark would not follow Switzerland’s lead. 
 
“There is one very significant difference between Denmark and Switzerland: the Swiss National Bankcentral bank had has made it clear that the ceiling vis-à-vis the euro was a temporary measure. In contrast, Denmark has conducted a fixed exchange rate policy for decades, first against the D-mark, then against the euro. This policy enjoys broad support in the Danish society and from political parties across the Folketing (parliament),” the bank wrote. 
 
 

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ECONOMY

How is Denmark’s economy handling inflation and rate rises?

Denmark's economy is now expected to avoid a recession in the coming years, with fewer people losing their jobs than expected, despite high levels of inflation and rising interest rates, The Danish Economic Council has said in a new report.

How is Denmark's economy handling inflation and rate rises?

The council, led by four university economics professors commonly referred to as “the wise men” or vismænd in Denmark, gave a much rosier picture of Denmark’s economy in its spring report, published on Tuesday, than it did in its autumn report last year. 

“We, like many others, are surprised by how employment continues to rise despite inflation and higher interest rates,” the chair or ‘chief wise man’,  Carl-Johan Dalgaard, said in a press release.

“A significant drop in energy prices and a very positive development in exports mean that things have gone better than feared, and as it looks now, the slowdown will therefore be more subdued than we estimated in the autumn.”

In the English summary of its report, the council noted that in the autumn, market expectations were that energy prices would remain at a high level, with “a real concern for energy supply shortages in the winter of 2022/23”.

That the slowdown has been more subdued, it continued was largely due to a significant drop in energy prices compared to the levels seen in late summer 2022, and compared to the market expectations for 2023.  

The council now expects Denmark’s GDP growth to slow to 1 percent in 2023 rather than for the economy to shrink by 0.2 percent, as it predicted in the autumn. 

In 2024, it expects the growth rate to remain the same as in 2003, with another year of 1 percent GDP growth. In its autumn report it expected weaker growth of 0.6 percent in 2024.

What is the outlook for employment? 

In the autumn, the expert group estimated that employment in Denmark would decrease by 100,000 people towards the end of the 2023, with employment in 2024  about 1 percent below the estimated structural level. 

Now, instead, it expects employment will fall by just 50,000 people by 2025.

What does the expert group’s outlook mean for interest rates and government spending? 

Denmark’s finance minister Nikolai Wammen came in for some gentle criticism, with the experts judging that “the 2023 Finance Act, which was adopted in May, should have been tighter”.  The current government’s fiscal policy, it concludes “has not contributed to countering domestic inflationary pressures”. 

The experts expect inflation to stay above 2 percent in 2023 and 2024 and not to fall below 2 percent until 2025. 

If the government decides to follow the council’s advice, the budget in 2024 will have to be at least as tight, if not tighter than that of 2023. 

“Fiscal policy in 2024 should not contribute to increasing demand pressure, rather the opposite,” they write. 

The council also questioned the evidence justifying abolishing the Great Prayer Day holiday, which Denmark’s government has claimed will permanently increase the labour supply by 8,500 full time workers. 

“The council assumes that the abolition of Great Prayer Day will have a short-term positive effect on the labour supply, while there is no evidence of a long-term effect.” 

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