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Estate sale ends ‘Citizen Kane’ Spanish legacy

A Spanish estate belonging to the granddaughter of American press magnate William Randolph Hearst, who inspired the classic movie 'Citizen Kane', has been sold to a Mexican business mogul for a massive €3.9 million ($5.09 million).

Published: 12 July 2013 17:06 CEST
Estate sale ends 'Citizen Kane' Spanish legacy
The 375-acre estate was owned for 27 years by the heiress to the fortune of the real-life Citizen Kane. Photo: Villas & Fincas Real Estate

Heiress Joanne Hearst Castro bought the property in the municipality of Gerena, just outside Seville, in 1984.

She bred horses there for 27 years until she died in 2011, aged 70, according to newspaper Canarias7.

The circumstances of her passing bore an odd resemblance to those of the character in the 1941 movie Citizen Kane that was based on her grandfather .

She was discovered dead by a servant who had gone into her bedroom to wake her up.

Joanne, or Doña Juana, as she was known to her neighbours, inherited part of her grandfather's vast wealth through her father, John.

He worked as an executive at the Hearst Corporation, which survives to this day.

Joanne's grandfather William Randolph Hurst built the United States' largest newspaper chain and was elected to the US House of Representatives.

His newspapers pioneered a new, sensationalist style of journalism, the influence of which can still be seen today.

Ironically, given the final destination of some of his wealth, Hearst's 'yellow journalism' has been blamed by some historians for pushing the US into a war with Spain in 1898.

His life was loosely adapted and memorably directed and acted by Orson Welles in the Oscar-winning 1941 movie Citizen Kane.

The film is often voted by fans and critics as as the greatest ever made.

Doña Juana maintained an air of mystery in Gerena despite being active in the local community.

She made friends, employed local people, paid for the town's Christmas lights and offered a €3,000 prize to the best-decorated house.

She even hired a local band to play each spring at the birthday party of her own granddaughter.

Although her home was in Spain, she did not spend all of her time at the 152-hectare (375-acre) estate – which she named The Whim.

She also had properties in Barbados and Miami, and was initially attracted to the estate because of its transport links and proximity to Seville airport.

After her death the property was put on the market for €6.5 million but eventually sold for €3.9 million to a Mexican businessman said to have "many businesses in Mexico and Spain".

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PROPERTY

Q&A: What to do if you buy a property built illegally in Spain

Buying an illegally built property in Spain is fairly common but can have several consequences down the line. Here's what you need to know, how to make it legal, whether you can sell it, and the benefits of doing so.

Published: 25 April 2024 09:35 CEST
Q&A: What to do if you buy a property built illegally in Spain

Unfortunately, over the years, many properties have been built illegally in Spain, not adhering to local rules and regulations. Foreigners who don’t know the legislation can easily fall into the trap of buying one of these properties, only to find out later down the line.

Maybe it’s when they come to sell or perhaps it’s when they want to do works or improvements on the property.

There are several reasons a home could have been built illegally in Spain. Firstly, it could have been built on the wrong type of land. This is it could have been built on suelo rústico, rural land where residential properties are prohibited, also called no urbanizable. 

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It could have also been built too near the coast. This is down to the Ley de Costas or Coastal Law, which was brought into force in December 1989 in order to protect the costas from overdevelopment and high rises spoiling the landscape. 

The law defines different areas of the beach and dictates which is public land, owned by the state and which parts can be owned privately and built on.

If you buy or own a house in one of these non-buildable zones, there are many problems you could face down the line, often sooner rather than later. This is because there are several rules you have to abide by concerning works, reforms and extensions. In some cases, they may not be allowed at all and everything must be approved first by the local government by providing a detailed project.

Because of coastal erosion, this issue is getting worse as some shoreside homes that were once built outside of these areas are finding that they’re now illegal.

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The house may have also had extensions made to it that were built without a license, meaning that the extra parts are illegal.

Q: How do I know if my home is legal or not?

A: Unfortunately it can be difficult to know if your property is legal or not. You could have bought and signed for it with a notary and it could be inscribed on the Property Registry, but this still doesn’t mean it was built to the correct specification and on the right land.

The only way to truly tell is to find out if your home ever had a Licencia de Primera Ocupación or First Occupation license, also referred to as a Cédula de Habitabilidad or Certificate of Habitability. This means that according to the authorities, it is suitable to live in and has the correct licenses.

READ ALSO: How to get Spain’s certificate of liveability for properties

Q: What happens if my property doesn’t have a habitability certificate?

A: If your property has never had a Certificate of Habitability, you must regularise the legal situation. First you’ll need to start a legalisation file (expediente de legalización) and contact the town hall. Depending on the seriousness of the case (ie. where exactly it was built, if there’s any structural danger, whether the entire property is illegal or just an extension) the cost of making an illegal property legal can be considerable. As such, each case must be studied individually with the help of an expert to determine whether it is even feasible or worth the investment.

The next step is to bring in an architect and check whether the property complies with all the building regulations. If it does, you simply need present the expediente de legalización to your local town hall, who will confirm whether or not the property adheres to building regulations and can be made legal.

If it doesn’t, you’ll need to consider whether it will comply with the regulations after some renovations. If that’s the case, you’ll need to draw up a renovations project document (proyecto de reforma) outlining the proposed changes and how they will adhere to building regulations. It must be presented to the town hall along with your expediente de legalización.

According to law firm Acal, the legalisation process can be broken down into steps as follows:

  • Contact the town hall.
  • Begin with the expediente de legalización when the town hall confirm whether or not the property can be made legal.
  • Pay the corresponding fees and taxes (in this case it will be IBI) depending on your municipality and region.
  • If you need to make renovations, obtain the proyecto de reforma and hire an architect.
  • Obtain a building permit from the town hall.
  • Once completed, register the property in the Land Registry.

READ ALSO: What is Spain’s IBI tax and how do I pay it?

Q: Do I really need to make my property legal?

A: Yes, because it will benefit you in the long run. It doesn’t matter what the previous owner told you when you were originally buying the property, owning a property that isn’t fully legal (or legal at all) can create problems and even lead to fines worth up to 20 percent of the property’s value in extreme cases.

By going through the legalisation process and making the relevant renovations, if necessary, you gain a legal property for all purposes and with all the benefits that entails.

You will not have problems setting up, paying, or cancelling electricity, water or gas utility services. You won’t have to undertake reforms and renovation work unofficially, avoiding the eyes of the authorities. Instead you’ll be able to register your property in the Land Registry, which will make things much easier when you decide to sell it or pass it on.

In terms of selling it, perhaps that is the biggest benefit of legalising your illegal property: by registering it properly, you will be able to benefit from its full value when selling it. When a property is illegal, the appraised value will probably be no more than 40-45 percent of its real value at best.

The renovations needed to get your property in shape to meet the building regulations could be costly, but will they cost you half of the total value of your property? 

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