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NOBEL PEACE PRIZE 2011

NOBEL

Women are leaders, not victims: Nobel laureates

The three winners of the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize on Friday dedicated their award to women and their struggle to leave behind the role of victims and instead help lead the world towards democracy and peace.

Women are leaders, not victims: Nobel laureates
Tawakkol Karman (Photo: Matthew Russell Lee)

"I am so proud that I am here. Thank you Nobel Peace Prize Committee for choosing me, as a woman in Yemen, as a woman in the Arab world," said Yemeni 'Arab Spring' activist Tawakkol Karman enthused at a news conference in Oslo.

"You chose women because you know that the period that women appeared as victims has ended. … Now women they are leaders. They are leaders not only of their country or leaders in their struggle, but leaders in the world," said the 32-year-old journalist — the youngest winner of the prize in its 110-year history and the first Arab woman ever to win a Nobel.

"You will see what the new world will be," she added, wearing a white headscarf with dainty red flowers and sitting alongside her fellow laureates, Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Liberian "peace warrior" Leymah Gbowee, a day before the official prize ceremony in the Norwegian capital.

Gbowee, dressed in an embroidered saphire blue dress and matching headdress, also hailed the three women's win as proof that women had finally been given a seat at the table.

"When you talk about Africa and conflicts, the first image that appears is … rape, abuse and exploitation. The last image that comes to their mind is the image of women trying to fight for peace," she said.

"But today, my selection and the selection of my mother Sirleaf and my sister Tawakkol is a reflection and an affirmation that finally the women of Africa, the women of the world, their roles in peace processes has been acknowledged," she said.

"No longer will the world exclude us… the world is finally saying to us: your skills … have been recognised and we are prepared to work with you," added the 39-year-old social worker who led Liberia's women to defy feared warlords during the country's 14-year civil war that ended in 2003.

Gbowee's compatriot Sirleaf, Africa's first democratically elected woman president who last month won a second term, meanwhile said she would accept her prize on behalf of women, "particularly the women in Africa, who have had a subservient role in our society, who (live) sometimes under very, very difficult circumstances."

Despite the towering challenges women face, Sirleaf stressed: "I am here in this position (of president) because of women … who decided it was time for a woman to be in charge."

As for what she plans to do going forward?

"I've got six years to work for the next democratically elected woman president in Africa," she said to thundering applause.

"Maybe Leymah (Gbowee) will try?"

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NOBEL

US duo win Nobel for work on how heat and touch spark signals to the brain

US scientists David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian on Monday won the Nobel Medicine Prize for discoveries on receptors for temperature and touch.

US duo win Nobel for work on how heat and touch spark signals to the brain
Thomas Perlmann (right), the Secretary of the Nobel Committee, stands next to a screen showing David Julius (L) and Ardem Patapoutian, winners of the 2021 Nobel Prize for Medicine. Photo: Jonathan Nackstrand/AFP

“The groundbreaking discoveries… by this year’s Nobel Prize laureates have allowed us to understand how heat, cold and mechanical force can initiate the nerve impulses that allow us to perceive and adapt to the world,” the Nobel jury said.

The pair’s research is being used to develop treatments for a wide range of diseases and conditions, including chronic pain. Julius, who in 2019 won the $3-million Breakthrough Prize in life sciences, said he was stunned to receive the call from the Nobel committee early Monday.

“One never really expects that to happen …I thought it was a prank,” he told Swedish Radio.

The Nobel Foundation meanwhile posted a picture of Patapoutian next to his son Luca after hearing the happy news.

Our ability to sense heat, cold and touch is essential for survival, the Nobel Committee explained, and underpins our interaction with the world around us.

“In our daily lives we take these sensations for granted, but how are nerve impulses initiated so that temperature and pressure can be perceived? This question has been solved by this year’s Nobel Prize laureates.”

Prior to their discoveries, “our understanding of how the nervous system senses and interprets our environment still contained a fundamental unsolved question: how are temperature and mechanical stimuli converted into electrical impulses in the nervous system.”

Grocery store research

Julius, 65, was recognised for his research using capsaicin — a compound from chili peppers that induces a burning sensation — to identify which nerve sensors in the skin respond to heat.

He told Scientific American in 2019 that he got the idea to study chili peppers after a visit to the grocery store.  “I was looking at these shelves and shelves of basically chili peppers and extracts (hot sauce) and thinking, ‘This is such an important and such a fun problem to look at. I’ve really got to get serious about this’,” he said.

Patapoutian’s pioneering discovery was identifying the class of nerve sensors that respond to touch.

Julius, a professor at the University of California in San Francisco and the 12-year-younger Patapoutian, a professor at Scripps Research in California, will share the Nobel Prize cheque for 10 million Swedish kronor ($1.1 million, one million euros).

The pair were not among the frontrunners mentioned in the speculation ahead of the announcement.

Pioneers of messenger RNA (mRNA) technology, which paved the way for mRNA Covid vaccines, and immune system researchers had been widely tipped as favourites.

While the 2020 award was handed out in the midst of the pandemic, this is the first time the entire selection process has taken place under the shadow of Covid-19.

Last year, the award went to three virologists for the discovery of the Hepatitis C virus.

Media, Belarus opposition for Peace Prize?

The Nobel season continues on Tuesday with the award for physics and Wednesday with chemistry, followed by the much-anticipated prizes for literature on Thursday and peace on Friday before the economics prize winds things up on Monday, October 11.

For the Peace Prize on Friday, media watchdogs such as Reporters Without Borders and the Committee to Protect Journalists have been mentioned as possible winners, as has the Belarusian opposition spearheaded by Svetlana Tikhanovskaya. Also mentioned are climate campaigners such as Sweden’s Greta Thunberg and her Fridays for Future movement.

Meanwhile, for the Literature Prize on Thursday, Stockholm’s literary circles have been buzzing with the names of dozens of usual suspects.

The Swedish Academy has only chosen laureates from Europe and North America since 2012 when China’s Mo Yan won, raising speculation that it could choose to rectify that imbalance this year. A total of 95 of 117 literature laureates have come from Europe and North America.

While the names of the Nobel laureates are kept secret until the last minute, the Nobel Foundation has already announced that the glittering prize ceremony and banquet held in Stockholm in December for the science and literature laureates will not happen this year due to the pandemic.

Like last year, laureates will receive their awards in their home countries. A decision has yet to be made about the lavish Peace Prize ceremony held in Oslo on the same day.

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