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EDUCATION

Testing, maths boost and school uniforms: France plans changes to education system

France's education minister has announced plans to boost maths teaching in schools after a critical international report - as well as a 'large scale experiment' on having uniforms in French schools.

Published: 6 December 2023 17:17 CET
Schoolchildren in France learn how to verify fake news sources online.
(Photo by BERTRAND LANGLOIS / AFP)

A recently published global study of education standards highlighted falling attainment levels in France, particularly in mathematics.

Since 2000, the Programme for International Student Assessment (Pisa) study by the OECD has measured 15-year-old school pupils’ performance in mathematics, science, and reading.

In the latest study, the focus was on mathematics – and the triennial report placed France in 23rd, highlighting “unprecedented decline” in student performance, with the results “among the lowest ever measured”, according to the OECD. In mathematics, between 2018 and 2022, it experienced “a historic drop in the level of students” according to OECD education expert Eric Charbonnier.

Planned education reforms in France, it has to be said, are not a knee-jerk reaction to the freshly released OECD report. They have been in the planning a while longer. Nationwide testing of 13-year-olds earlier this academic year gave results that also raised alarms in the corridors of educational power.

Now Education Minister Gabriel Attal has announced plans for collège-age children to face tests early in the school year at 6eme (11 and 12 year-olds) and again at 4eme (13 and 14 year-olds), to stream them into classes for maths and French, based on their levels.

The aim is to have “groups adapted to the level of each pupil”, he said. The sets will not be set in stone for two years – children who do well will be able to move up, while anyone struggling will move down.

The Minister announced the introduction of new compulsory written tests for all baccalaureate students in “mathematics” and “scientific culture”.

 He intends two separate examination subjects: one for students who have chosen to specialise in maths at bac level, and another for those who have not.

According to the Minister, this will help “raise standards” in mathematics.

Attal also confirmed that a decree on ‘redoublement‘ (repeating an academic year) would be published in 2024. To date, parents have had the final say on whether their children should repeat a year – but Attal wants teachers to make the final decision.

He also said that a ‘large scale’ experiment of school uniforms would be announced before the end of the year.

“I am divided on the question of the uniform and not convinced that this solution would solve everything,” he insisted, but said that he “would be interested to see what results a large-scale experiment would give in terms of school climate and in terms of raising the level of our students”.

While he did not go into many further details on uniforms, he did say that families taking part in the study would not be out of pocket.

Explained: Why is school uniform controversial in France?

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SCHOOLS

Are packed lunches really banned in French schools?

School children in France are entitled to a lunchtime meal of three, or even four courses – but what if you prefer to provide meals yourself? 

Published: 22 May 2024 12:24 CEST
Are packed lunches really banned in French schools?

French school meals are, famously, pretty good – children get a three or even four-course meal of properly prepared dishes and the menu (including cheese course) is usually published in the local town newsletter so everyone can see the types of meals being served.

The concept of a proper meal at lunchtime is an important one. “The diet of a school-age child is essential for their growth, mental development and learning abilities,” the French Education Ministry says in a preamble about school meals on its website. “It must be balanced, varied and distributed throughout the day: for example 20 percent of total energy in the morning, 40 percent at midday, 10 percent at four o’clock and 30 percent in the evening.”

And it’s not all about nutrition, the social aspect of sitting together and eating a meal is also important – the ministry continues: “Mealtime is an opportunity for students to relax and communicate. It should also be a time for discovery and enjoyment.”

All schools provide meals in a canteen and most pupils take up the opportunity – however it’s also possible for pupils to go home at lunchtime so that they can eat lunch with their parents.

The idea of taking in a packed lunch (panier-repas) is much less common in France – but is it actually banned?

The rules on lunch

At écoles (up to age 11), the local authority or établissement public de coopération intercommunale (EPCI) is responsible for providing quality school meals. This generally involves meals being provided via a central kitchen, and then delivered to the school’s kitchen, where it can be kept warm, or reheated as necessary.

The system is slightly different in collèges and lycées (attended by children aged 11 and up). In those establishments, catering falls into the purview of the wider département or region – and is routinely managed directly by individual establishments, which will have catering staff on site to prepare meals. Often, meal services are outsourced to private businesses, which operate the kitchens.

There are various rules and regulations in place regarding what food is offered, and how long a child has to eat – which is, in part, why the school lunch period is so long. Children must be allowed a 30-minute period to eat their meal, from the moment they sit down with it at the table. 

Then, they’re given time to play and relax before afternoon classes start.

READ ALSO What you need to know if your child is starting school in France

At a minimum lunch must include a main course with a side dish, a dairy-based product, as well as a starter and/or a dessert. Meals must also, the government says, be composed of 50 percent sustainable quality products (including 20 percent organic).

Some local authorities go further and serve only or mostly food that is organic, locally sourced or both.

Water and bread must be freely available, but salt and condiments can only be added in preparation – no sauce bottles or salt and pepper on the tables. 

Daily menus are generally available to view on school websites and many town newspapers or newsletters also publish them.

Parents pay a fee for the school lunch, which is calculated according to income and can be free in the case of low-income families.

Packed lunch

But what if your child doesn’t like the school lunches and you don’t have time to pick them up, cook a full lunch and take them back in the afternoon everyday? The obvious solution would seem to be to send them in with a packed lunch, as is common in the UK and USA.

In theory this is possible, but only in certain circumstances and with very strict rules and caveats. 

The Ministry, in a written response to a Senator’s question in 2019, said: “The use of packed lunches [home-supplied meals] by primary school students can provide an alternative to school meals. This method of catering is authorised in particular for children with a medically established food allergy or intolerance, requiring an adapted diet.”

READ ALSO How to enrol a non-French speaking child in school in France

It added: “the preparation and use of packed lunches in schools must follow certain rules. First of all, it is important to respect the cold chain”.

The cold chain is a term applied to food handling and distribution – it’s usually used by food-preparation businesses, but in the context of a packed lunch it means that food prepared at home must be kept in appropriately cool conditions until it is ready to eat. It would be the responsibility of parents to ensure that the food is delivered to school in containers appropriate for the job (ie an insulated cool bag).

Once at the school, it is up to whoever manages the kitchen to ensure that food is properly reheated. This becomes the sticking point at which many parents’ requests to send their children to school with a packed lunch, rather than go to the canteen, or eat back at home, are refused.

The reheating concern suggests that schools are also expecting parents to prepare a proper meal – rather than just throwing some sandwiches and a cereal bar into a bag.

Unless there’s a genuine and proven health reason for your child to eat a home-prepared meal, most parents will probably find the school won’t budge on this – even in cases of a strike by kitchen staff or lunch monitors.

READ ALSO Just how much do private schools in France cost?

The Ministry’s written response explains: “[A]s this is an optional public service, the municipality can justify its refusal to admit the children concerned by objective material and financial constraints, such as the need to equip itself with additional refrigerators, or for additional supervisory staff to supervise them during lunch.”

As well as the practicalities, for some schools this is an equality issue – because of the varied fee structure for school lunches what happens in effect is that richer parents are subsidising a good quality lunchtime meal for poorer students in the class; if everyone brought in a packed lunch and therefore stopped paying the fee, the lower-income kids would miss out. 

What about allergies or other health issues?

Children with allergies or other health issues that require a particular diet must be accommodated. An individual meal plan – known as a projet d’accueil individualisé (PAI) can be set up. More details (in French) are available here, on the government’s website.

It also becomes easier for parents to provide home-produced meals in such instances. As ever, it is up to the parents to ensure any meals are appropriately packaged and transported to school.

Not all schools

Some individual schools in France do permit pupils to bring in meals from home. They must be taken to school in an appropriate cold-storage container, and they will be stored in the kitchen area until they are needed, when meals will – if necessary – be reheated.

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