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SWITZERLAND EXPLAINED

Defending the pope: Meet the new recruits behind the Swiss Guards’ armour

It may surprise many that an army from a neutral nation has the job of protecting the pope. We meet the new recruits being sworn in as Swiss Guards.

This photo taken on April 26th, 2023 shows a squadron of the Swiss Guard returning from a representation service at the Apostolic Palace, in the days leading up to the swearing-in ceremony of new Guard recruits Switzerland to the Vatican.
This photo taken on April 26th, 2023 shows a squadron of the Swiss Guard returning from a representation service at the Apostolic Palace, in the days leading up to the swearing-in ceremony of new Guard recruits Switzerland to the Vatican. (Photo by Andreas SOLARO / AFP)

It takes over an hour to don the colourful uniform of the pope’s Swiss Guards, and new recruits soon discover they cannot buckle up armour weighing 15 kilogrammes by themselves.

Jeremy and Paul, whose surnames cannot be published for security reasons, will soon be sworn in as guards at the Vatican, joining an ancient, prestigious body responsible for protecting the pope.

For the special occasion, 21-year-old Jeremy swaps his T-shirt and sneakers for highly polished metal garb selected from among the armour, muskets, swords and helmets in the barracks’ armoury.

“There are two of us to put on the whole thing: the collar around the neck, the chest, the back, the epaulettes and the helmet. It takes about an hour and a half,” he told AFP.

The Swiss Guards, the world’s oldest practising army, was founded by Pope Julius II in 1506 and is famous for its blue, yellow and red striped uniform.

READ ALSO: Why do the Swiss guard the Vatican?

But three times a year – Christmas, Easter and the swearing-in – they adorn themselves with the shiny, heavy armour.

Carpenter Jeremy, who comes from a farming family near Fribourg in Switzerland, will take the oath on Saturday in the presence of his family and
friends.

Tall, blond and blue-eyed, Jeremy will be pledging along with 22 others to “sacrifice his life” for Pope Francis for at least 26 months.

The new recruits will raise the number of currently serving Swiss Guards to 125.

“It’s a curious world, the more you look into it, the more you want to join,” Jeremy said, adding that he felt “pride and emotion” when he put on the uniform for the first time.

This photo taken on April 26, 2023 shows new Swiss Guards preparing for daily training in the Vatican Armory at the Pontifical Swiss Guard headquarters.

This photo taken on April 26, 2023 shows new Swiss Guards preparing for daily training in the Vatican Armory at the Pontifical Swiss Guard headquarters. (Photo by Andreas SOLARO / AFP)

Single and Swiss

A few metres further on, in a courtyard hung with the flags of the Swiss cantons, 22-year-old Paul is part of a small group rehearsing the upcoming oath-taking.

Like the others, Paul did a month of practical training in Switzerland before undergoing another at the Vatican.

He does both day and night patrols, guarding the gates to the Vatican and key areas within it.

“When you arrive here, you think ‘wow’,” he says, as he stands in the gilded Apostolic Palace. Just outside the door, hordes of tourists photograph the Sistine Chapel.

“At first, we spend our shifts looking at all these paintings, it’s fabulous,” he said.

Paul was inspired to join up during a 2016 family trip to Rome.

Luckily, he met the admission requirements: unmarried, male, Swiss, a practising Catholic, aged between 19 and 30, at least 1.74 metres tall, and bearing, according to the rules, “an impeccable reputation”.

Like all new recruits, he has to learn a lot in record time: how to speak Italian, salute, march in formation, wield the halberd, stand guard, and also recognise those regularly coming and going from the Vatican.

“It’s an honour for the Swiss,” said Paul.

Nonetheless, he admitted “it’s very complex, the work is extremely varied”, and his knowledge is regularly assessed as part of his training.

Pope’s ‘calling card’

New guards undergo a medical examination and are also encouraged to take part in sports, as “it’s quite demanding to be on your feet for hours on end,” said Jeremy.

“We always have to be ready to intervene if something happens,” he said – though the guards share papal security responsibilities with the Vatican police.

Swiss Guards are also expected to behave impeccably, as they are often in the public eye.

“The Pope once said that we were his calling card,” Jeremy said. “We are told that we are the most photographed Swiss in the world!”

Unlike many men their age, there is no painting the town red for Swiss Guards.

“It’s not a monastery, you’re allowed to go out, but service is the priority. It gives us a sense of duty.”

Many guards attend mass or spiritual retreats. The rest of the time they explore Rome, go to the nearby beach, or run in the lush Vatican gardens.

“We live in a world full of history, we are very privileged,” said Jeremy.

“It’s a big family, with a great sense of camaraderie and mutual support.”

By Clément MELKI

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PROTESTS

How free are people to protest in Switzerland?

As a centre of international diplomacy and cooperation and with its unique system of direct democracy, Switzerland enjoys a reputation for upholding fundamental human rights—but how free are the Swiss to express their opposition to power?

How free are people to protest in Switzerland?

In its recently released 2024 report, Amnesty International criticised Switzerland for imposing restrictions on the right to protest and for dispersing protests violently. 

So what’s the problem? 

While not an explicit ban on protest, Amnesty International considers the obligation in some Swiss cantons for protest organisers to gain official approval and shoulder potential costs to be a repressive measure—essentially a ‘workaround’ in cooling dissent.

Amnesty International’s criticism comes on the heels of other concerns.   

In 2024, Amnesty International joined with the United Nations in criticizing moves by some Swiss cantons and cities to ban protests regarding the Middle East conflict as ‘disproportionate’. 

Read More: How ordinary citizens can try to change the law in Switzerland

The organization has also highlighted the continued use of rubber bullets by Swiss police in dispersing protests as a serious area of concern. 

Furthermore, any changes to protests are controlled or permitted in Switzerland must be made through individual cantons due to the country’s devolution of specific powers – a process that could take years. 

So what restrictions have been introduced in Switzerland?

In early March, the ‘Anti-Chaoten’ initiative put forward by the right-wing Swiss People’s Party (SVP) youth wing, which would have placed significant legal and financial burdens on protesters, was rejected in a Zurich cantonal referendum. However, a counterproposal by cantonal authorities was accepted at the polls.

The successful counterproposal requires explicit permission from authorities to hold a protest or rally, as well as passing on the cost of the police operation, as well as any intentional damage, to protest organizers. Failure to gain approval for protests can result in charges being laid. 

Following the success of the Zurich measure, the Basel SVP intends to introduce a similar proposal to be voted on in August – with the same likely result.

Which protests have been dispersed violently in Switzerland? 

Due to global events, protests have become increasingly common in Switzerland over the last five years. Most have been peaceful, but there have been exceptions.

Measures introduced to limit the spread of the coronavirus between 2020 and 2022 led to violent protests being dispersed in BernZurich and Lucerne

Read More: Switzerland to impose tougher penalties for violent protesters

Climate change protests have also been violently dispersed by police, using pepper spray and rubber bullets – such as in Basel in February 2023.

Amnesty International has also raised serious concerns regarding the police dispersal of an International Women’s Day protest in Basel on March 17th of this year, in which rubber bullets were also used. 

Most recently, opponents of the Eritrean regime were dispersed with tear gas and water cannons at a demonstration in Gerlafingen, Aargau, on March 31st. 

What right do the Swiss have to protest? 

The right to peaceful protest is enshrined in the Swiss federal constitution—Article 16 provides for freedom of expression, while Article 23 protects the right to free association. 

Indeed, in 2020, the country successfully introduced a resolution to the United Nations Human Rights Council, calling for world governments to protect the right to protest and not use the coronavirus pandemic as a reason to curtail freedoms. 

Read More: What foreigners should know about the Swiss constitution

Furthermore, the country is a signatory to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, as well as the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture, which could have some bearing on how protests are dispersed.  

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