SHARE
COPY LINK
For members

TAXES

EXPLAINED: The German tax changes coming into effect in April 2023

April 1st will see many of the recent changes to Germany’s tax regime implemented. Although passed through the Bundestag last year and technically effective as of January 1st, April is the first month many of the changes will be evident on employee payslips. We explain what might look different.

Tax return 2021
Small business owners in Germany have to do a lot on their own. Photo: picture alliance/dpa/BCD Travel | BCD Travel Germany GmbH

Employees working in Germany should finally see some changes on their payslips in a month from now, as tax law amendments passed last year finally leave some extra money in their bank accounts at the end of each month.

The most important changes concern tax credits or allowances—and many don’t have to be applied for.

Employees will generally see the new allowances automatically calculated into their monthly payslips.

Freelancers will have to use these new numbers when filing their 2023 tax returns after the end of the year. Here are the most important changes:

Basic tax-free allowance increases

The Grundfreibetrag – or “basic allowance” – is the amount of money you get to make a year before being subject to any German tax. In 2022, the first €9,984 a person made in Germany was subject to no tax at all, with any money made on top of that being taxable. As of April 2023, that number is increasing by quite a bit, to €10,908 annually. Employees should see this extra money prorated by month starting with their April 2023 payslip.

READ ALSO: EXPLAINED: How to understand your German payslip

Higher income threshold before entering top tax rates

Before April 1st, earning €58,597 annually put you into the highest possible income tax bracket in Germany. Any earnings above this were subject to the top tax rate of 42 percent.

As of April 1st, the amount someone has to earn before paying the top tax rate of 42 percent goes up by several thousand euros to €62,810 per year, meaning a little bit extra stays in the accounts for anyone earning less than this. There is still a special tax bracket above this for wealthy people. That threshold starts at earnings of €277,826 annually and will remain the same, with people making at least this amount subject to a top tax rate of 45 percent.

READ ALSO: Reader question: How do I find a German tax advisor?

Employee lump sum tax credit to go up

Although freelancers can deduct almost anything associated with their work on their annual tax returns—from stationary to computer and phone purchases—German tax offices also generally assume that employees have certain expenses related to their work that they may pay out of their own pockets.

These could be phones or LinkedIn subscriptions for example. Crucially, the tax office simply gives an amount to each employee in tax credits—without them having to prove the expense through receipts.

The tax office is now hiking this allowance to  €1,230 per year as of April 1st, and this should be reflected on the April 2023 payslips for employees.

READ ALSO: EXPLAINED: Which German benefits are increasing in 2023 – and how do I claim them?

Tax allowance for single parents to go up

Single parents specifically will have an additional tax-free allowance they get to keep, now set to go up with the April payslip to €4,260 annually, assuming they have one child. If they have more than one child, their allowance will increase by another €240 per year, per child—on top of the base amount.

READ ALSO: What benefits are you entitled to if you have children in Germany?

Member comments

Log in here to leave a comment.
Become a Member to leave a comment.
For members

TRAVEL NEWS

Should travellers in Germany buy flights before ticket tax hike in May?

The German government is raising an air travel tax by around 20 percent from May. What does this means for travellers?

Should travellers in Germany buy flights before ticket tax hike in May?

Air travel from Germany is getting more expensive. 

That’s because, from May 1st, the Luftverkehrsabgabe or ‘aviation taxation and subsidies’ air traffic tax is being hiked by around 20 percent. The extra costs will likely be passed onto customers. 

Here are the most important points.

What is the air traffic tax – and why is it being raised?

Since its introduction in 2011, the air traffic tax – also known as the ticket tax or air traffic levy – has generated high revenues for the state. Recent figures show that it brought the government almost €1.2 billion revenue in 2022 and €1.6 billion in 2023.

The move to raise the ticket tax from May is part of German government measures to save money following a ruling on spending by the Federal Constitutional Court last year. The government expects additional annual tax revenue of between €400 and €580 million in the coming years from raising the ticket tax.

READ ALSO: Five budget cuts set to impact people in Germany in 2024

How much is it going up?

All flight departures from a German airport are taxed. The tax currently costs between €13.03 and €56.43 per ticket depending on the destination. These costs are ultimately passed on to passengers.

From May 1st 2024, the tax rates will be between €15.53 and €70.83 per ticket – depending on the destination. 

Here are the additional costs at a glance:

  • Up to 2,500 kilometres – for flights within Germany or to other EU countries, the tax rises to €15.53 per person and journey from €13.03
  • Up to 6,000 kilometres – on medium-haul flights, the ticket tax increases to €39.34 from €33.01
  • More than 6,000 kilometres – for longer flights over 6,000 kilometres, the tax rises to €70.83 from €59.43

Only flight tickets for children under the age of two – provided they have not been allocated their own seat – and flights for official, military or medical purposes are exempt from the tax. 

READ ALSO: Everything that changes in Germany in May 2024

Does this mean I should buy a ticket to fly before May?

It could make sense to book a flight before May 1st if you are planning a trip or holiday abroad. Those who buy a flight before the tax is increased will pay the lower tax – even if the flight is later in the year. 

There is still a question mark over whether the tax can be backdated on the pre-paid flight ticket. However, according to German business outlet Handelsblatt, it would be legally difficult for airlines to demand an increased tax retrospectively.

German travel outlet Reisereporter said this is one reason “why the airlines have not yet informed air travellers of the planned increase in ticket tax”.

What are airlines saying?

They aren’t happy about the hike, mostly because they already feel bogged down by fees and operating costs at German airports. 

The airline association ‘Barig’ has warned that charges at airports and in airspace are already high. According to the Federal Association of the German Air Transport Industry, the departure of an Airbus A320 in Germany costs around €4,000 in government fees, while in Spain, France and Poland it is between €200 and €1,500. These costs are generally passed onto customers,  making buying tickets from Germany more expensive than other places. 

The effects of the increased ticket tax will be most noticeable for low-cost airlines offering budget flights. 

A spokesperson from EasyJet recently told The Local that it was “disappointed with the increase of the passenger tax”, and that the “cost increase will result in higher fares for consumers and damage Germany’s connectivity”.

READ ALSO: ‘Germany lacks a sensible airline policy’: Is budget air travel on the decline?

Meanwhile, the aviation industry is concerned that air traffic in Germany is lagging behind other European countries and is recovering at a slower pace since the pandemic. According to the German Aviation Association BDL, around 136.2 million seats will be offered on flights in Germany from April to September 2024. This is six per cent more than in 2023, but only 87 per cent of the number of seats available before the pandemic (2019).

In the rest of Europe supply is expected to rise above the pre-pandemic level. 

SHOW COMMENTS