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WEATHER

How France has adapted to tackle forest fires

As heatwaves become increasingly common in France, the risk of forest fires is heightened. These blazes, once confined to the south, are now impacting people across the country.

A French firefighter tackles a blaze.
A French firefighter tackles a blaze. (Photo by Sylvain THOMAS / AFP)

Forest fires are becoming increasingly common in France – the country with the fourth largest area of forests in Europe. 

This phenomenon was once confined to the south but as temperatures rise, that is beginning to change.

“The whole of the territory is particularly vulnerable to the risk of fires,” according to the environment ministry. 

Blazes in Corrèze and Sologne in 2020 are evidence of this. The year before, even Picardy was in flames. 

The increased frequency of forest fires is largely down to climate change which means that vegetation is becoming dryer.  

Why is this an issue? 

The French government has identified a number of problems when it comes to forest fires.

  • There are economic losses due to impacts on forestry and tourism industries;
  • There is environmental damage due to the loss of biodiversity – and the fact carbon is released into the atmosphere as trees burn;
  • There is an increased risk of landslides, floods, avalanches and other phenomena when trees are removed from a landscape due to fire;
  • Trees play an important role in the regulation of the water cycle and air purification. 

In other words France and the planet need healthy forests. 

What is being done to address the problem?

French President Emmanuel Macron likes to frame himself as an environmental champion. 

But as we covered in the run up to the 2022 Presidential Election, his record on green issues is largely disputed

In recent years the country has begun adapting to forest fires through developing its emergency response framework. 

  • Aerial firefighting 

France is expanding its fleet of firefighting aircraft and redeploying planes across the country. 

In 2020 new bases for these vehicles were opened in Angers (Maine-et-Loire), Châteauroux (Indre) and Méaulte (Somme). Two more, in Epinal (Vosges) and Saint-Etienne (Loire), have opened more recently. 

Officials claim that these aircraft can drop water on any part of northern France within half an hour. 

  • Increased training

Tackling a house fire and a forest fire are two very different things. 

Until recently, it was only in the south that firefighters were specialised in tackling forest fires. 

But now, thanks to increased training, more and more firefighters across the country are learning this skill. In Indre-et-Loire for example, the emergency services directorate hope to make sure that between 50 to 100 percent of firefighters are up to tackling such a blaze. 

At present, fire fighters from the south are still sent as reinforcements to help put out blazes elsewhere in the country. 

It is hoped that increased training will change that. 

  • New equipment 

Fire departments across France are investing in new trucks which are specially adapted to forest fires – 9 new firetrucks have been operating across northern France since 2021. 

There has also been a major investment in forest cameras to monitor for outbreaks of fire. Across 117,000 hectares of forest in Sarthe, 16 cameras have been installed at the cost of €1.2 million and an annual running cost of €100,000. 

  • Meteorological analysis

Fire departments are increasingly analysing meteorological conditions and providing special training to help their employees interpret data provided by Météo France. 

“We evaluate the fire risk every day,” said firefighter chief Olivier Desquiens in an interview with FranceInfo

This analysis takes into account temporal trends, the ratio of dead to living vegetation and the wind. 

What can you do to prevent forest fires?

It is estimated that the majority of forest fires in France are started as a result of human error. 

There are a number of basic steps you can take to avoid contributing to the problem. 

Don’t smoke in or near forests; don’t light fires in forests including for barbecues; only drive on authorised paths through forests; respect signs that indicate restricted access. 

What should you do in case of a forest fire?

If you come across a forest fire, you should call the fire service immediately on 112, 114 or 18. 

If there are only small flames because the fire is in its nascent stage, you can try to put them out with earth, sand or water. Don’t try to beat the fire down with branches – this could cause it to spread further. 

If the fire is already taking hold, run away, with your back to it – and seek shelter. 

Don’t get out of your car if you are surprised by a sudden wall of flames. 

For more information on what to do in the event of a forest fire, you can consult the French government website HERE

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DRIVING

French city hikes parking charges for SUVs

On Tuesday, the eastern French city of Lyon introduced its new 'progressive pricing' model for parking, which imposes higher charges for heavy vehicles such as SUVs.

French city hikes parking charges for SUVs

Residents in the south-eastern French city of Lyon face steeper parking prices if they own a heavier car as the city steps up an environmental battle against gas-guzzling SUVs.

The scheme, which was first announced in 2023, went into effect on Tuesday.

The deputy mayor of Lyon, Valentin Lungenstrass, told the French press that the plan is “a complete, fairer system, taking into account the weight of the vehicle”.

Parking will now be charged at three different rates – reduced, standard and increased – depending on the vehicle’s weight and other factors.

You can use the town hall’s simulator HERE to see how much you would be charged.

Here’s how it will work;

For Lyon residents

Instead of having paying for parking at the standard rate of €20 per month, there will be three different, means-tested, options depending on your car and family situation.

Most electric vehicles and internal-combustion engine cars weighing less than one tonne will pay a reduced rate of €15 a month, as well as low-income households and those with at least three dependent children.

According to local authorities, this rate will apply to at least 50 percent of households in Lyon.

The second rate will be €30 per month. This will concern vehicles weighing between one tonne to 1.525 tonnes, as well as plug-in hybrids (up to 1.9 tonnes).

Finally, the third rate of €45 will be applied to those with vehicles weighing over 1.525 tonnes, as well as hybrids that weigh more than 1.9 tonnes and electric vehicles that weight more than 2.1 tonnes. 

READ MORE: Meet France’s tiny cars that you don’t need a licence to drive

For visitors

Visitors will also pay for parking at a progressive rate structure.

Ultimately, Franceinfo reported that the vast majority of visitors will see their rates increase.

The same criteria as above will apply – vehicles under one tonne get the reduced rate, those between one tonne and 1.525 tonnes plus hybrids under 1.9 tonnes get the standard rate, and those above 1.525 tonnes and the heaviest hybrids and electric vehicles get the increased rate.

As such, a vehicle that meets the reduced rate requirement will pay €1 for one hour, €3 for two hours, and €18 to park for seven hours. The standard rate will be €2 for one hour, €6 for two hours, and €26 for seven hours, and the increased rate will be €3 for one hour, €9 for two hours and €39 for seven hours.

You can see the full table here.

According to estimates by the Lyon town hall, 20 percent of visitors will be affected by the reduced rate, 65 percent will pay the standard rate and 15 percent will pay the increased rate.

For tradespeople and workers

There will be a different scheme applied for workers. 

Annual subscriptions will be offered to those who work in ‘urgent repair’ professions, as well as those in construction.

“Several subscriptions will be possible for the same company”, the town hall told 20 Minutes.

Store owners and shopkeepers will also be offered a different pricing plan, as well as healthcare professionals who go to appointments at people’s homes. More information here.

Other steps in France to encourage greener vehicles

The French government previously introduced a purchase tax on new heavier, more polluting cars, amounting to a €10 payment per kilogramme above 1.8 tonnes.

In Paris, residents voted in favour of a similar weight-based parking scheme in February 2024, which would charge cars weighing 1.6 tonnes or more €18 per hour for parking in the city centre, or €12 further out.

Paris mayor Anne Hidalgo, of Parti Socialiste, hailed a “clear choice of Parisians” in favour of a measure that is “good for our health and good for the planet”.

Fully electric cars will have to top two tonnes to be affected, while people living or working in Paris, taxi drivers, tradespeople, health workers and people with disabilities will all be exempt.

The new parking charges will apply from September 1st. 

The French government also introduced a special leasing deal to help households access electric vehicles. 

Eligible French residents can rent a car without a deposit for three years and renew the subscription once, supported by a subsidy of up to €13,000 for each car.

READ MORE: How France’s €100-per-month electric car lease scheme works

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