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German economy ‘scrapes past recession’

The German labour market continued to shrug off the eurozone debt crisis during February, with unemployment holding steady at low levels, while a stable first quarter should enable the economy to just scrape past a dip into recession.

German economy 'scrapes past recession'
The DIW's Fichtner and his calculations. Photo: DPA

“The labour market remains robust, despite the current economic weakness,” said the head of the Federal Labour Agency, Frank Weise, publishing new data on Wednesday.

The German economy, the biggest in Europe, contracted by 0.2 percent in the fourth quarter of 2011, but forward-looking indicators suggest the pause in growth may prove short-lived.

The German Institute for Economic Research (DIW) said on Wednesday it expected the first quarter of 2012 to be stable, with no growth, but no shrinkage. “The German economy has narrowly scraped passed a recession,” said DIW researcher Ferdinand Fichtner.

“Employment is rising strongly. And unemployment hardly changed at all, despite the unusually cold weather since mid-January. Demand for labour remains high,” Weise said.

Germany is faring better than its eurozone partners in the current crisis, thanks to deep and painful economic restructuring and a huge shake-up of its labour market undertaken during the last decade or so.

With record low unemployment, domestic demand has taken over from exports as the engine of the German economy, shoring it up against any downturn in exports as a result of the crisis.

While headline unemployment actually increased this month, with the jobless rate rising fractionally to 7.4 percent, that was due to seasonal factors, such as the winter weather which forces key sectors such as the construction industry to lay off workers.

Taking such factors into account, the jobless total actually showed no change at 2.866 million, according to separate data calculated by the Bundesbank. And the seasonally-adjusted jobless rate held steady at 6.8 percent in February.

The figures were slightly weaker than expected: analysts had been pencilling in a further decline in the jobless total this month.

But Annalisa Piazza of Newedge Strategy insisted the number was “not too bad.”

“In the past few months, the improvement of the labour market was surprisingly strong, despite signs of moderation in activity,” she said.

“As such, we would see today’s figures as a sign of ‘normalisation’ as the business cycle is far from its peak, even in the super-resilient Germany.”

Piazza ruled a sharp turn-around anytime soon.

“Indeed, there are clear signs that the labour market is still moving in the right direction,” she said.

Carsten Brzeski at ING Belgium saw the data as a signal “that the German job miracle is gradually coming to an end.”

Looking ahead, all available indicators still pointed to a further improvement in the German labour market, he said.

“However, the strong dynamics of last year will not be repeated this year. With lower growth and an unemployment rate close to the natural rate, the job miracle should gradually come to an end, entering a period of consolidation,” Brzeski said.

Christian Schulz, senior economist at Berenberg Bank, believed “the underlying positive trends in the German labour market remained intact.

“However, some signs of a slowing dynamic were also reported,” he cautioned.

“With business and consumer confidence rebounding, Germany’s economy is set to grow from the second quarter onwards, which should provide further stimulus to the labour market as well,” the economist said.

“However, at record low unemployment levels, finding suitable candidates will continue to be an issue for German companies and drag on overall growth,” he concluded.

Heinrich Bayer at Postbank predicted a stagnation in the labour market in the coming months.

But Natixis economist Felix Eschwege said he was pencilling in “a further improvement of the unemployment rate in the ongoing year to an overall rate in 2012 of 6.7 percent.”

AFP/The Local/hc

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WORKING IN GERMANY

Five things to know about salaries in Germany

Finding a job is typically a top priority when planning a move to Germany. The country boasts the third largest economy in the world and a continuing need for skilled professionals. 

Five things to know about salaries in Germany

If you are moving to Germany, you might soon start looking for a job in the country. However, like many other aspects of living abroad, there are several cultural differences and specificities when it comes to job hunting in Germany – especially when it comes to salaries.

Here are five things to know about salaries in Germany.

There is a minimum wage in Germany

Germany’s minimum wage of €12.41 per hour, pre-tax came into effect at the start of this year. This amounts to a monthly salary of €2,054 which ranks ninth in the world. The minimum wage will rise again in 2025 to €12.82 per hour before tax deductions.

There have been calls recently to hike the salary up higher to €14 per hour.

READ ALSO: Millions of workers in Germany ‘earning less than €14 per hour’

Find out salary expectations

Germany does not require companies to list salary ranges for listed positions. But that may be changing soon. The EU parliament passed a wage transparency law to require companies to publish annual reports detailing wage and wage discrepancy information. The rules, which are set to go into effect in 2027, are intended to help close the gender pay gap. 

In the meantime, employees can utilise online resources to find industry averages and expectations for different roles:

  • Gehalt.de offers users access to salary information on more than 800 professions
  • Online platform, Kununu provides compensation information and employer reviews to users in the DACH region  
  • Berlin residents can utilise REDSOFA’s salary survey for an overview of salary averages in the country’s capital city

As of April 2023 the average gross monthly salary was €4,323 according to Germany’s Federal Statistical Office.

Two-thirds of full time workers make less than this average monthly salary and one-third of workers earn more than this average monthly salary.

While wages after deductions may be less than similar roles in other countries, it is also important to take into consideration what other benefits come with a salary. Paid holiday leave, pension contributions, long notice periods and annual bonuses can help make up some of that difference. 

READ ALSO: How much do employees in Germany typically earn?

Check your payment schedule

Internationals can usually expect their salary once a month when working in Germany. Many German companies choose to pay employees either on the 1st or 15th of the month. It is also important to note that most employees can expect to receive their first pay check within 30 or 45 days of starting. 

For positions that offer yearly bonuses, these payments are included in a 13th pay check which are subject to income tax.  

A person works on a laptop.

A person works on a laptop. Image by Bartek Zakrzewski from Pixabay

How many hours do you work?

When looking for a job, don’t forget to check how many hours you can expect. Job descriptions will include expectations for time commitments. 

Mini-jobs, as expected from the name, are limited in hours and pay. Employees can expect up to €538 per month. Mini-jobs do not provide social security because they do not require social security contributions. Employees are also not automatically covered by health and nursing care insurance. 

Teilzeit, or part time jobs, are defined as any job where working hours are less than a full time position.

A common misconception is that part-time work requires working 20 hours or less a week. But an employee working five days a week for 30 hours, at a position that is typically 40 hours when full time can also be defined as a part time worker. 

READ ALSO: The rules in Germany around ‘mini’ and ‘midi jobs’

In fact, Germany has a term for workers who work between 28 and 36 hours a week. Vollzeitnahe Teilzeit, or nearly full time part time workers, can be a popular choice for some people, including parents. These positions can give employees more flexibility to balance work and family responsibilities. It is important to note that these workers are paid according to their time worked, so it will still amount to less than full time.

Depending on the work schedule, part time employees can earn the same amount of vacation as their full-time counterparts. That’s because holiday leave is calculated based on days worked, not hours. If a part time worker comes in five days a week, they will be eligible for at least 20 days of holiday. If that same part time worker comes in three days a week, they will be legally entitled to twelve days of vacation, even if they worked the same hours as the other employee. 

In most companies, weekly working hours between 35 and 40 hours are considered full-time employment or Vollzeitbeschäftigung

Watch out for the gross v. net difference

Before you sign the dotted line, it will be important to check how much of your gross salary you’ll be able to keep come pay day. Companies that include salary expectations in descriptions include gross salary (Bruttoeinkommen) – not the net income after taxes and deductions (Nettoeinkommen). The amount deducted will depend on how much you earn, the tax class you’re in and on other factors such as how much you’re paying for healthcare but it is usually around 40 percent. 

Salaried employees can find information on the deductions on their pay slip. Some to expect to see include:

  • Taxes are deducted directly from the gross pay. The amount is based on the tax bracket your salary falls within 
  • A percentage of your gross salary is also deducted for your pension / retirement contributions
  • Church taxes between eight and nine percent of your salary will also be due if you are affiliated with a religion
  • Unemployment insurance amounts to a 2.5 percent deduction from your gross salary. It is important to note that the insurance covers a salary up to €90,600 
  • Health insurance contribution rates are typically split between employers and employees. The rate depends on the provider. In 2024, the TK contribution rate to health insurance is 15.8 percent of the gross income

READ ALSO: What you need to know about your payslip in Germany 

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