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DANISH TRADITIONS

What’s open and what’s closed in Denmark on Ascension Day?

Ascension Day, an important festival for Denmark's Lutheran Church, always falls on a Thursday, meaning many workers get to enjoy a four-day weekend. Here's what you need to know.

What's open and what's closed in Denmark on Ascension Day?
Church members in Aalborg celebrating Ascension Day in 2016. Photo: Christian Roar Pedersen/Ritzau Scanpix

Kristi Himmelfart, literally “Christ’s journey to heaven day”, is the Danish word for the festival of Ascension, which Christians believe marks the day that Jesus ascended into heaven. 

It is always 40 days after Easter Sunday, and ten days before the Pentecost, which means that its exact date varies from year to year. The earliest possible date is April 30th, and the latest possible date is June 3rd.

But it always falls on a Thursday, offering the opportunity of a klemmedag, or “squeeze day“, when only one work day falls between a public holiday and a weekend, meaning if workers take one day off of holiday, they can enjoy a four-day break. 

The day falls on May 9th this year. 

Who gets a four-day weekend? 

As Ascension falls 40 days after Easter and Easter always falls on a Sunday, Ascension always falls on a Thursday, meaning many people in the country take the Friday (May 10th) off as well, 

Schools in Denmark are closed on May 10th, so many parents are effectively forced to take the day off as well. 

What’s closed?

Shops

Denmark is strict with shop opening times on public holidays, with the Lukkeloven, or closing law, requiring most shops to remain shuttered on Ascension Day. 

This includes all major supermarkets, with only smaller local grocery shops with a turnover of less than 43.4 million kroner a year allowed to stay open.

Those that can stay open are likely to include smaller convenience stores from the Dagli’Brugsen and Brugsen chains, as well branches of COOP’s discount chain 365discount, and smaller shops in the Kvickly and Superbrugsen chains.

The closing law allows the Danish Business Authority to grant some grocery stores in rural areas and holiday home areas to stay open on public holidays on a case by case basis, but if you’re travelling out to a rural area, don’t bet on anything being open.

Petrol stations are also allowed to stay open, as are shops selling bread, dairy products and newspapers, garden centres, second-hand shops and pawnbrokers, and market stalls selling food and household products.

But even smaller shops selling durable goods like clothes, shoes, or other items other than groceries must remain closed.

If you’re planning on buying a more upmarket wine or snaps, you should be aware that specialist wine merchants will also be closed.

All shops will, however, be open on Friday May 10th.  

Municipalities 

Your local borgerservice, the public-facing service desk at your local town hall, will be closed on Ascension Day itself and some, but not all municipalities also close their borgerservce on May 10th as well, to give all employees a long weekend, so if you need to pick up a new driving license, for example, leave this errand until next week.

Health

Most Danish primary care centres are closed on May 9th, and many will also be closed on May 10th. If you urgently need a doctor, you should ring the number of your local on-call doctor (lægevagt), emergency dentist or emergency psychiatrist, which you can find listed for Denmark’s regional health authorities here.

The person on the phone will then decide whether you need to come into a hospital or emergency clinic for treatment or examination.

What’s open?

Museums and galleries pretty much all remain open on Ascension Day, even those that close over the Easter period, as do restaurants, hotels and the like. 

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For members

DANISH TRADITIONS

Why isn’t May 1st a public holiday in Denmark but is in Sweden and Norway?

People in Sweden and Norway have the day off on May 1st, but a large section of the Danish workforce does not. Why is this?

Why isn't May 1st a public holiday in Denmark but is in Sweden and Norway?

International Workers’ Day, or Labour Day, is an occasion keenly celebrated by thousands across Denmark, a country known for its social democratic traditions.

The day is not a public holiday like in other countries including Sweden and Norway, but many Danes treat it with just as much importance as their neighbours do.

In Denmark, the state does not give you the day off on May 1st. In other words, it’s not a public holiday like Christmas Day, Ascension Day or Maundy Thursday, for example.

However, you could be forgiven for thinking that May 1st is a national day off if, for example, you pass by Fælledparken in Copenhagen on Labour Day. You’ll see huge gatherings of workers carrying banners, people gathering to eat and drink, and major speeches by both union leaders and politicians.

Many workers in Denmark do in fact have the right to a half or full day off on May 1st. This is not provided by a public holiday but rather by the collective bargaining system, the Danish labour model on which working terms are negotiated and agreed between trade unions and employers’ confederations.

READ ALSO: How does Denmark celebrate May 1st?

In neighbouring Sweden and Norway, however, Labour Day has the status of a full public holiday. A closer look at the history of the date in each country perhaps gives a little more context as to why.

Labour Day was established internationally 1890, not long after workers around the world chose the first day of May to campaign for and celebrate the introduction of the eight-hour working day.

At this time, Denmark’s union movement attended large congresses in France to celebrate the centenary of the French Revolution, and the Danish worker’s day movement was born.

International Workers’ Day was celebrated for the first time in 1890 in Fælledparken, which remains the quintessential location for speeches to this day.

Labour Day celebrations – and protests – also have a long history in Norway. May 1st became an officially recognised holiday in the country over 75 years ago, although the day was also marked in decades preceding state recognition (keep in mind that Norway only became independent in 1905, after being in unions with Sweden and Denmark before this).

The first May 1st parade organised by the workers’ movement in Sweden also took place in 1890. Unlike in Denmark, the first proposal to make it a public holiday came in 1926.

In 1938, it officially became a public holiday for the first time since 1772, coming into force the next year. It was also the first non-religious holiday to be designated a public holiday in Sweden.

So what was May 1st Sweden before 1772, a date that predates Labour Day by over a century?

In preindustrial Swedish society, May 1st was celebrated as the first day of summer, with parties and dinners held in villages and towns as cattle and other animals were finally let out into the pastures to graze on grass.

In the Middle Ages, when Sweden became Catholic, May 1st was a religious holiday dedicated to the apostles Philip and James. Later, in the 1400s, it became a holiday assigned to Saint Walpurgis: Valborg, which is now celebrated the day before, Valborgsmässoafton, which falls on April 30th.

By the 1500s, May 1st and Valborg were still the same celebration, In 1772, May 1st ceased to officially be a religious holiday, following a reduction in the number of official holidays by King Gustav III, although its status as a day of celebration remained.

While Valborg was also celebrated in Denmark in centuries, it does not have the same strong tradition it does in Sweden.

As such, May 1st was already a day of celebration in Sweden when Labour Day was established – this was not the case in Denmark.

Denmark has a strong workers’ movement and it is this alone that has guaranteed the May 1st traditions over the decades, including any time off work – no political decision ever put a holiday in place and no national custom preceded Denmark’s Labour Day.

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