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WORKING IN GERMANY

Is ‘Home Office’ here to stay in Germany?

A new study shows that many working from home policies in Germany, introduced during the Covid-19 pandemic, are sticking around - even as some bosses call their employees back to the office.

A woman works on the floor of her living room.
A woman works on the floor of her living room. Photo: picture alliance/dpa/dpa-Zentralbild | Sebastian Kahnert

Nearly a quarter of employees in Germany worked from home last month. One Munich-based economic think-tank says the Covid-era policy is likely to remain.  

At the end of February, 24.1 percent of employees in Germany worked from home at least part of the time, according to a recent ifo Institute business survey of nearly 9,000 companies published this week. 

“The proportion has remained almost constant for two years,” said Jean-Victor Alipour, ifo economist.“Regardless of the debates at individual companies about returning to the office, working from home has become firmly established in Germany.”

Covid-era policy shows staying power, despite pushback

Still the flexible work policy faces some resistance from management in the workplace. 68 percent of Germany’s top CEOs said their employees will return to the office full-time within the next three years according to a October 2023 KPMG survey.  

KPMG survey analysts said the high percentage demonstrates “persistent, office centric thinking” among CEOs interviewed. More than three quarters of German CEOs interviewed for the survey said they would consider more incentives including promotions and boosted pay to bring employees back to the office. 

Some German companies like Deutsche Bank and SAP began cracking down on work-from-home policies this year. Both faced criticism from employees after calling workers to return to the office.

Alipour said the data points to work from home policies surviving despite this trend.

A man works on his laptop at home.

A man works on his laptop at home. Photo: picture alliance/dpa | Sina Schuldt
 
“No one denies that working in person is better than working from home when it comes to things like knowledge transfer, group creativity, and social aspects,” said Jean-Victor Alipour, ifo economist. “However, our data gives no indication that companies are getting rid of the option to work from home.”

Work from home office policies remain more popular for larger companies. Ifo Institute found only one in five employees working at small and medium sized companies work from home. This is less than the nearly one in three employees at large companies who work from home at least part of the time. 

And the German government offers advantageous tax deductions to workers who have a home office. The government introduced the Home Office Lump Sum in 2020 during the pandemic. Initially intended to provide taxpayers some relief, the lump sum tax deduction will apply indefinitely as of January 2023. Employees can deduct up to 1,260 per year from their annual tax bill.

READ ALSO: Germany to extend (and increase) tax rebate for people working from home

Work from home office policies differ across industries

Still the industry of work can also impact the likelihood of the policy being offered. 

Work from Home Office is most widespread among service providers, with more than a third of employees working remotely at least part of the time. In manufacturing, the figure is 16 percent, while in trade it is 12.2 percent. 

The construction industry finishes last with only 5.4 percent of employees working from home.

Work from office continues in startup sector

Work from home office policies remain popular in Germany’s start-up sector. Adebukola Malomo, founder and CEO of Berlin-based CLIQup, an app promoting social connection, said the work from home policies will not be disappearing anytime soon.

“I think remote work has come to stay, so many startups now try to adapt and move with the times,” he told The Local. “Employees also appreciate that flexibility and would prefer to work in companies that offer at least some form of remote work, a hybrid model being the most popular.”

Malomo said startups, like his own, prioritise work from home because it keeps costs low. 

“It’s cheaper, as we don’t have to spend on office rent,” he said. 

READ ALSO: Nearly a quarter of employees in Germany ‘continue to work from home’

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WORKING IN GERMANY

Five things to know about salaries in Germany

Finding a job is typically a top priority when planning a move to Germany. The country boasts the third largest economy in the world and a continuing need for skilled professionals. 

Five things to know about salaries in Germany

If you are moving to Germany, you might soon start looking for a job in the country. However, like many other aspects of living abroad, there are several cultural differences and specificities when it comes to job hunting in Germany – especially when it comes to salaries.

Here are five things to know about salaries in Germany.

There is a minimum wage in Germany

Germany’s minimum wage of €12.41 per hour, pre-tax came into effect at the start of this year. This amounts to a monthly salary of €2,054 which ranks ninth in the world. The minimum wage will rise again in 2025 to €12.82 per hour before tax deductions.

There have been calls recently to hike the salary up higher to €14 per hour.

READ ALSO: Millions of workers in Germany ‘earning less than €14 per hour’

Find out salary expectations

Germany does not require companies to list salary ranges for listed positions. But that may be changing soon. The EU parliament passed a wage transparency law to require companies to publish annual reports detailing wage and wage discrepancy information. The rules, which are set to go into effect in 2027, are intended to help close the gender pay gap. 

In the meantime, employees can utilise online resources to find industry averages and expectations for different roles:

  • Gehalt.de offers users access to salary information on more than 800 professions
  • Online platform, Kununu provides compensation information and employer reviews to users in the DACH region  
  • Berlin residents can utilise REDSOFA’s salary survey for an overview of salary averages in the country’s capital city

As of April 2023 the average gross monthly salary was €4,323 according to Germany’s Federal Statistical Office.

Two-thirds of full time workers make less than this average monthly salary and one-third of workers earn more than this average monthly salary.

While wages after deductions may be less than similar roles in other countries, it is also important to take into consideration what other benefits come with a salary. Paid holiday leave, pension contributions, long notice periods and annual bonuses can help make up some of that difference. 

READ ALSO: How much do employees in Germany typically earn?

Check your payment schedule

Internationals can usually expect their salary once a month when working in Germany. Many German companies choose to pay employees either on the 1st or 15th of the month. It is also important to note that most employees can expect to receive their first pay check within 30 or 45 days of starting. 

For positions that offer yearly bonuses, these payments are included in a 13th pay check which are subject to income tax.  

A person works on a laptop.

A person works on a laptop. Image by Bartek Zakrzewski from Pixabay

How many hours do you work?

When looking for a job, don’t forget to check how many hours you can expect. Job descriptions will include expectations for time commitments. 

Mini-jobs, as expected from the name, are limited in hours and pay. Employees can expect up to €538 per month. Mini-jobs do not provide social security because they do not require social security contributions. Employees are also not automatically covered by health and nursing care insurance. 

Teilzeit, or part time jobs, are defined as any job where working hours are less than a full time position.

A common misconception is that part-time work requires working 20 hours or less a week. But an employee working five days a week for 30 hours, at a position that is typically 40 hours when full time can also be defined as a part time worker. 

READ ALSO: The rules in Germany around ‘mini’ and ‘midi jobs’

In fact, Germany has a term for workers who work between 28 and 36 hours a week. Vollzeitnahe Teilzeit, or nearly full time part time workers, can be a popular choice for some people, including parents. These positions can give employees more flexibility to balance work and family responsibilities. It is important to note that these workers are paid according to their time worked, so it will still amount to less than full time.

Depending on the work schedule, part time employees can earn the same amount of vacation as their full-time counterparts. That’s because holiday leave is calculated based on days worked, not hours. If a part time worker comes in five days a week, they will be eligible for at least 20 days of holiday. If that same part time worker comes in three days a week, they will be legally entitled to twelve days of vacation, even if they worked the same hours as the other employee. 

In most companies, weekly working hours between 35 and 40 hours are considered full-time employment or Vollzeitbeschäftigung

Watch out for the gross v. net difference

Before you sign the dotted line, it will be important to check how much of your gross salary you’ll be able to keep come pay day. Companies that include salary expectations in descriptions include gross salary (Bruttoeinkommen) – not the net income after taxes and deductions (Nettoeinkommen). The amount deducted will depend on how much you earn, the tax class you’re in and on other factors such as how much you’re paying for healthcare but it is usually around 40 percent. 

Salaried employees can find information on the deductions on their pay slip. Some to expect to see include:

  • Taxes are deducted directly from the gross pay. The amount is based on the tax bracket your salary falls within 
  • A percentage of your gross salary is also deducted for your pension / retirement contributions
  • Church taxes between eight and nine percent of your salary will also be due if you are affiliated with a religion
  • Unemployment insurance amounts to a 2.5 percent deduction from your gross salary. It is important to note that the insurance covers a salary up to €90,600 
  • Health insurance contribution rates are typically split between employers and employees. The rate depends on the provider. In 2024, the TK contribution rate to health insurance is 15.8 percent of the gross income

READ ALSO: What you need to know about your payslip in Germany 

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