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WORKING IN GERMANY

Reader question: Can I take sick leave in Germany without visiting a doctor?

As flu season gets into full swing again - coupled with more cases of Covid-19 - workers in Germany may find themselves unfit for the job. Can they simply call in sick, and for how long, without visiting a GP?

You have a runny nose, a relentless cough and absolutely no energy to drag yourself to a potentially full doctor’s surgery to wait on a note to be krankgeschrieben, or given sick leave.

But fear not: there are a few ways in which you can receive a sick note without having to set foot at the doctor’s in Germany. 

However you take sick leave, you’ll need to give your boss a Krankmeldung (notification of sickness) before the start of work on the first day.

But you only need to hand in a Krankschreibung (doctor’s note) on the fourth day (unless it’s written in your contract to submit it earlier). 

READ ALSO: Working in Germany: The 10 rules you need to know if you fall ill

Can I get a doctor’s note via a video call?

If your sickness can be assessed by video consultation, it’s possible that a doctor will grant you a sick note this way. However, this only ever applies to the initial sick note (Erstbescheinigung), and not any extensions, according to the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians (KBV).

If you’re a first time patient, you can receive a sick note for up to three days, whereas regular patients can receive one for up to seven days – a rule which also applies for in-person visits.

It is important to note, however, that you are not entitled to be on sick leave, with the doctor making the final decision. Many doctors can and will veto your request if it’s simply a matter of convenience rather than actual sickness itself, for example a last-minute Kita closure.

READ ALSO: Strikes: Do parents in Germany receive a day off work when Kitas close?

If you have been written off sick and are still not fit when the time expires, then unfortunately you’ll need to pay the practice a personal visit to have this clarified. But in some cases you can also arrange for a Hausbesuch, or at-home visit. 

What about providers who issue a sick note online?

There are various providers who issue a sick note easily and conveniently online – or even messaging services like WhatsApp. 

You click through a few questions about your health and symptoms and, depending on the evaluation, can be handed a sick note or a referral to a specialist. 

However, this does not guarantee that your employer will – or can – accept such a note. 

A few years back, an employee took sick leave via a note issued by an online portal, but this was not enough for the employer. The case went to court, and in the summer of 2021 the Berlin Labour Court ruled that “an online sick note without personal or telephone contact with a doctor does not meet the requirements for a certificate of incapacity for work.”

Sick leave by telephone is coming back

Up until March 31st of this year, it was possible to get a sick note by phone. This option was introduced to relieve practices and patients during the Covid-19 pandemic. 

But German government announced that sick notes by phone are to be permanent. Guidelines are now being drawn up, with practices all around Germany to accept the notes by the beginning of 2024.

READ ALSO: How sick leave pay in Germany compares to other countries in Europe

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TAXES

EXPLAINED: How do you close down a freelance business in Germany?

Leaving the country? Got a steady job offer you can’t say no to? Winding down your self-employment activities in Germany still requires taking a few bureaucratic steps.

EXPLAINED: How do you close down a freelance business in Germany?

Striking out on your own as self-employed is one of the scariest – and potentially most rewarding things – you can do. In Germany, it also comes with its own set of rules around tax and social insurance.

But there are times when – for whatever reason – it may be time to move on.

Whether it’s because you have an exciting new opportunity or things haven’t quite worked out the way you hoped due to economic pressures – winding down self-employment the right way is crucial to avoid gaps in your health and social insurance coverage in Germany.

The steps you have to take are also a bit different depending on if you are new self-employed (Freiberufler) or have a trade licence (Gewerbe) – with some steps not being necessary for new self-employed.

Trade licences are automatically cancelled if the licenced person dies or the company ceases to have financial assets.

Resigning the trade licence or declaring it dormant

New self-employed people like writers or speakers don’t need to go through this step, as they don’t need a trade licence.

Those who have a trade licence will need to contact their competent local authority and resign it, or declare it dormant (withdrawing the licence). If you’re only winding down temporarily, declaring your trade licence dormant instead of de-registering completely may save you a few headaches later.

You may have to do this in person at your local trade office – or Gewerbeamt – depending on whether your local authority allows online de-registration or not. You’ll need to bring your official ID, trade licence, confirmation of registration and possibly an extract from the trade register. Fees are dependent on your local authority and can range from being free to €25.

You can declare the date you intend to resign the licence – which can be in the future. To ensure no gaps in your social insurance protections, including health insurance, set this date for the day before whatever comes next. For example, if you’re starting a new job on January 1st set the date for your trade licence to expire as December 31st.

The trade office will typically notify your local tax office, so you won’t need to do this yourself.

Notifying your tax office

If you’ve had to resign your trade licence, you can skip this step as your trade office will do it for you. If you’re a Freiberufler without a trade licence you need to resign, you’ll have to notify your local Finanzamt, or tax office, yourself.

Luckily, this is a pretty easy step.

First, you need to decide whether you’re ceasing operations completely or wanting to continue them part-time. If you’re ceasing completely, you’ll end up surrendering your self-employed tax number.

You don’t have to do this though. If you think you may still carry on some self-employed business as a side gig, you can inform the tax office that you intend to do so and keep your number.

At that point, the tax office should treat you as a Kleinunternehmer – or a small business making less than €22,000 a year. Having this status means that you will not need to pre-pay taxes or charge VAT on your invoices for freelance side projects.

If you derive any income from your side gig in the future though, you’ll still have to file a tax return.

READ ALSO: Can I have a freelance side gig as an employee in Germany?

Notifying your health insurance

While different private plans in Germany may have different notification requirements, if you have public health insurance in Germany, you should notify them that you’re winding up your self-employed business. Specifically, advise them exactly what date you’re wrapping up.

Again, this should be right before you start your new job or leave the country, to ensure no gaps in your coverage.

If ending your self-employment in Germany, take care to ensure that there’s no gaps in your health insurance coverage, by giving the right date for when you’re ceasing activity. You don’t want to be caught without coverage. Photo by Stephen Andrews on Unsplash

If you are in an artistic profession and thus pay pension, health, and nursing insurance through the Artist Social Insurance Fund (KSK), you should also advise them as well. If you’re leaving self-employment completely, you can typically give notice to KSK as to when it’s ending.

If you’re not, and intend to still make money freelancing as a side gig, they should know this as well. In this event, you’ll no longer pay health or care insurance through KSK, as this is covered through your main job.

You may need to continue to pay pension contributions through KSK based on the amount of money you still make from self-employed activities — depending on how much of them you continue.

KSK: How creative freelancers can pay less for German health insurance

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