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WORKING IN DENMARK

Can Denmark solve its labour shortage by finding workers in Denmark?

Denmark’s employment minister recently said she wanted to solve the country’s labour shortage by engaging more young people who are currently out of work, instead of allowing more foreign workers. Is that realistic?

Can Denmark solve its labour shortage by finding workers in Denmark?
Denmark’s employment minister Ane Halsboe-Jørgensen wants to fill labour shortages with unemployed young people. Can it be done? Photo: Emil Helms/Ritzau Scanpix

Denmark’s employment minister, Ane Halsboe-Jørgensen, is not in favour of easing immigration rules to make it easier for companies to recruit foreign labour.

In an interview with newspaper Politiken earlier this week, Social Democrat Halsboe-Jørgensen said she was against allowing more foreign labour in Denmark, arguing it could have a negative impact on society.

Businesses and other political parties – including partners in the coalition government – have come out strongly in favour of more foreign labour to address Denmark’s ongoing shortage in many sectors, but the minister said she would prefer young Danes who are currently out of work to be drawn upon to help ease the shortage.

READ ALSO: Danish employment minister against easing immigration rules for labour

There are currently some 43,000 young people in Denmark who are neither working or enrolled in education, she told Politiken.

But that number is not enough on its own to fill all the job vacancies Denmark is likely to see in the coming years, according to an expert who spoke to broadcaster DR.

“It is not sufficient to be able to close the gap with that group and many have nothing like the skills the labour market needs. So that group is not the solution on its own,” Thomas Bredgaard, a professor in labour market research at Aalborg University, said to DR.

That view was also taken by Sabina Pultz, labour market researcher at Roskilde University, also in comments to DR.

“Analyses show that 80 percent of the approximately 43,000 young people have a relatively simple explanation for why they are not at work. That might, for example, be that they are taking a year out or are between education programmes. And then there’s the 20 percent who have more long-term problems,” she said.

The Confederation of Danish Industry (DI) also said that relying on unemployed young people will not be enough.

“Foreign labour is an obvious part of the solution to the challenges. It is sensible to also look at young people, but I don’t think young people comprise a large potential alone,” DI’s deputy director Steen Nielsen told DR.

Bredgaard said that many people not in work or education often had problems that presented barriers to their employment. They may not have had good experiences in the education system and may therefore be unqualified.

Others might be suffering from mental health challenges or other wellbeing difficulties, he said.

Efforts by local municipalities to help young people into work have already had mixed results, he noted.

“[Local authorities] have tried a lot of different things and have had mixed experiences with it. But there have also been things that have worked, that should be extended further,” he said.

He also said that existing labour in Denmark could supplement foreign labour in filling vacancies.

“That could be a later withdrawal from the labour market, getting more to go from part-time to full-time, and getting young people into jobs faster after their studies,” he said.

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WORKING IN DENMARK

How will Denmark’s new rules on recording working hours affect you?

From July this year, all people working in Denmark will have to document any deviations from their agreed working hours. Here's how it's going to work.

How will Denmark's new rules on recording working hours affect you?

On January 23rd, Denmark’s parliament voted through a law that, among other things, requires all Danish employers to introduce a working hours registration system that makes it possible to measure the daily working hours of each individual employee. 

The requirement, which comes into force on July 1st, implements a 2019 judgement of the EU Court, which stated that all member states needed to bring in laws requiring employers to record how many hours per week each employee is working.

The bill is built on an agreement reached on June 30th last year between the Confederation of Danish Employers, the Danish Trade Union Confederation, and Denmark’s white collar union, the Danish Confederation of Professional Associations. 

Will everyone working in Denmark now need to keep a detailed record of the hours they put in each day? 

No. Workers will only need to register any deviations from the working hours they have already agreed or been scheduled. So long as they stick to their scheduled hours, they never need to open the app, website, or other time registration system their organisation has set up. 

If they have to come in early for an interview, however, or do a bit of preparation for a meeting the next day in the evening, they will be expected to log those extra hours. 

Similarly, if they pop out for a dentist’s appointment, or to get a haircut, those reductions in working hours should all be noted down. 

What do employers need to do? 

All employers need to set up and maintain a detailed record of the actual hours worked by their employees, but the law gives them a lot of flexibility over how to do this, insisting only that the record be “objective, reliable and accessible”. 

They could do it in the old-fashioned way using a shared Excel spreadsheet, or, as most probably will, use an app such as Timetastic from the UK, ConnectTeam from the US, or Denmark’s zTime or Timelog.

To make it easier for their employees, employers can fill their scheduled hours into the time registration system in advance, so that workers only need to make a log of any deviations.  

Under the law, employers are required to keep these records for five years.

Employees empowered to set their own schedule — so called self-organisers — are exempt from the law, but as the law states that such people should be able to reorganise their own working time “in its entirety” and that this power should be enshrined in their contracts, this is only expected to apply to the most senior tier of executives. 

Who will be able to see my working hours? 

Each employee should only have access to their own data, which is covered by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and should not be able to see a detailed record of hours worked by their colleagues. 

Managers, however, will have access to the working hours records made by their subordinates. 

Will the legislation put limits on how many hours I can work? 

Yes, but in theory those hours already are limited for almost all employees by collective bargaining agreements. 

The new rule is intended to make sure that employees do not work more than 48 hours per week on average over a period of four months, the minimum standard under EU law, known as the 48-hour rule.

People in certain professions can, however, work longer than the 48-hours if they are covered by a so-called “opt-out”. 

Won’t it just be an additional hassle? 

The Danish Business Authority, the government agency which is supposed to support businesses in Denmark, estimates that keeping the time registration system up to date will only take between one to three minutes of employees’ time. 

In addition, it estimates that as much as 80 percent of employees in the country already keep a record of their time. 

Henrik Baagøe Fredelykke, a union official at Lego, said in an article on the website of the HK union, that he believed that the records could serve as an “eye-opener” about unrecorded overtime. 

What was crucial, he said, was that the system was used primarily to ensure that there was no systemic deviation from working hours and not to police employees. 

“It must not be used for monitoring by the management, who can come and say ‘whoa, why didn’t you work 7.4 hours yesterday?’,” Fredelykke said.

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