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SWITZERLAND EXPLAINED

8 quirky festivals you should visit to feel really Swiss

Although Switzerland is a small country, its culture is diverse and, at times, surprisingly quirky. Here are five wacky traditions you may not know about but you should definitely check out at least once.

Characters made with onions are displayed during the traditional one-day Zibelemarit (onion market), in 2008 in Bern.
Characters made with onions are displayed during the traditional one-day Zibelemarit (onion market), in 2008 in Bern. (Photo by FABRICE COFFRINI / AFP)

In a previous story, we established that the Swiss do actually have a sense of humour.

And you could argue that this is reflected in some decidedly off-the-wall ways that people across Switzerland celebrate various regional holidays.

These eight from various regions of the country go above and beyond the usual folkloric displays of yodelling, alphorn playing, and flag waving.

Some of them are related to things many of us think of as quintessentially “Swiss” — such as cattle — while others are a bit more bizarre.

Cow fighting, Valais

In a country with a pacifist reputation, the cows can get quite combative.

The Hérens breed of cattle, which are specific to some regions of Valais, are known for their sense of hierarchy and feisty nature.

They take no bull from anyone. 

Only one can be crowned as queen, so while the spectators cheer from the stands, the cows literally lock horns in their fight for supremacy within the herd, canton, and even the nation, in what has become an annual event held in the spring in the appropriately named Val d’Hérens.

Cows graze in a field next to a Swiss flag floating in the air, in Brenets, western Switzerland, on September 20, 2018 in Les Brenets.

Cows graze in a field next to a Swiss flag floating in the air, in Brenets, western Switzerland, on September 20, 2018 in Les Brenets. (Photo by Fabrice COFFRINI / AFP)

Knabenschiessen, Zurich

Each September, the sound of gunfire resounds around Switzerland’s largest city.

It is just a bunch of teenagers doing what comes naturally to nearly every Swiss: sharpshooting.

But there’s nothing worrying about it, as the 12- to 16-year-olds are participating in Knabenschiessen (don’t try to pronounce it), the world’s largest youth rifle competition.

It is one of the oldest in Switzerland, dating back to the 17th century — well before Switzerland’s other weapon, the army knife, was invented.

While the sight of youngsters walking around with rifles slung across their shoulders may alarm some people, it shouldn’t. This is, after all, Switzerland, where guns are arguably as much a part of culture as cheese, chocolate and…fighting cows.

READ ALSO: Understanding Switzerland’s obsession with guns

Pfingstbluttlern, Basel-Country

Scaring your fellow villagers sounds like loads of fun and residents of Ettingen, a community in Basel-Country, have taken this practice to a whole new level.

So much so that Pfingstbluttlern (again, don’t try to pronounce it) is now a local tradition, part of a little-known ancient fertility ritual.

Simply put, during the Pentecost, local men dress up as bushes, parade around town, accost women, and dump them in fountains, all in the name of fun and tradition. 

Hey, what’s not to like?

Funkensonntag, Appenzell

If the name of this holiday sounds like “Funky Sunday”, it’s because it is.

What it actually means is “Spark Sunday”, so named after an old custom in which communities around Appenzell competed to see who can produce the greatest spark.

But what is actually funkier (and at least as dangerous) than setting fire to bales of straw is children lighting up cigarettes.

Children are allowed to smoke cigarettes and cigars for the duration of the festival, but need to pack the smokes away when the festival is over. 

As you can probably see from the images, they certainly enjoy it. 

These days, the Funkensonntag is a cattle festival held in October — the only such event in Switzerland (and possibly elsewhere as well) where children are allowed to smoke.

Nobody actually knows how this custom originated or why it is still allowed, but it is probably one of the weirdest. 

Swiss cow bells on display, Photo by Fabrice COFFRINI / AFP)

Eis-Zwei-Geissebei, St. Gallen

Most people in Switzerland eat sausages, not toss them out the window.

Except in Rapperswill, canton St. Gallen, where the sausage-tossing is an actual tradition, believed to date back to the siege and destruction of the town on February 24th,1350.

Heute hiess es wieder “Eins, Zwei, Geissebei..:” in #Rapperswil. Das #bexio Team wünscht allen einen schönen Fastnachts-Dienstag. pic.twitter.com/mSV1Y0UX9c

— bexio (@bexiocom) February 13, 2018

Basically, each year on that day the windows of the town hall open and a council member asks “Sind alli mini Buebe doo?” (Are all my boys here?).

Hundreds of expectant children gather in front of the building shout back “Ja! Eis, zwei, Geissebei!“(Yes, one, two, goat-leg), after which sausages and other foods are tossed out of the window.

Zibelemärit, Bern

As both the capital city of Switzerland and the canton of Bern, the city of Bern sure knows how to impress.

Whether you’re visiting for a stroll through its historic old town (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), fancy seeing the infamous bear pit (Bärengraben), or just want to grimace at the Kindlifresserbrunnen (Child-Eater-Fountain), there are plenty of things to catch your eye in Bern.

But what if we told you onions, of all things, are also a highlight?

Every year on the fourth Monday in November Bern plays host to the country’s only dedicated onion market where Bernese farmers unite to sell their decorative onion creations, such as wreaths, pies, sausages, and even mock bread lookalikes.

The market opens early, at around 3 to 4 am, and you’d be well advised to rise (early) for the occasion as groups of people swarm the Zibelemärit in the late morning, also called the Gstungg.

Visitors stand behind chains of onions during the traditional one-day Zibelemarit (onion market).

Visitors stand behind chains of onions during the traditional one-day Zibelemarit (onion market). (Photo by FABRICE COFFRINI / AFP)

Hom Strom, Grisons Scuol

On the first Saturday in February the older children gather at the town square in the lower part of Scuol to build a giant straw man (Hom Strom) by twisting thick strands of rye around a telephone pole almost eight metres (24ft) in length.

The children must finish the effigy by noon from which point it is guarded until 8 pm to protect it from vandalism – rival villages are known to try their hand at destroying the effigy – and then set on fire to welcome spring.

This pagan tradition dates back to ancient fertility festivals and is supposed to ward off evil spirits and chase away winter.

Though this is an event aimed at children, adults are known to help the kids build the effigy each year because let’s face it, everyone likes to embrace their inner child.

Absinthe festival, Neuchâtel

The Jura of canton sure knows how to have a good time.

This year, the Absinthe festival takes place on June 10th and allows you to visit several distinguished distilleries of Val-de-Travers, including the Absinthe house ( L’Absinthe House) and the absinthe drying shed at at Boveresse.

You can also chat to growers and other artisans and purchase a range of non-drink absinthe-related products.

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SWITZERLAND EXPLAINED

Why German-speaking Swiss cantons will pay money to French-speaking ones

Nearly every one of Switzerland’s French-speaking cantons will be receiving financial support from German-speaking cantons in 2025. How does this happen, and why is there such a wealth disparity between certain parts of Switzerland?

Why German-speaking Swiss cantons will pay money to French-speaking ones

As outlined in annual data published by the Federal Finance Administration this week, six of the seven cantons where French is recognized as an official language will be receiving support from German-speaking cantons in 2025.

Geneva will be the sole exception – in fact, it’s contributing. 

Overall, 18 out of Switzerland’s 26 cantons will receive money – including many German speaking cantons (see map below) – and 8 will pay out to other cantons. In all the total transfer between cantons next year will add up to 6.2 billion Swiss francs.

Valais will be receiving the most financial support per number of residents – 2,469 francs per capita, followed by Jura at 2,229 francs and Neuchâtel at 1,818 francs per capita. 

The three cantons contributing the most – Zug (CHF 3,321 per capita), Schwyz (CHF 1,520) and Nidwalden (CHF 1,081) all recognise German as an official language. The other contributing cantons are Zurich, Geneva, Basel-CIty, Obwalden and Shaffhausen. 

Image: Federal Finance Administration

Why are cantons redistributing funds?

For decades each of Switzerland’s 26 cantons was able to hold onto the entirety of the taxes levied at the cantonal level, under the country’s devolved administration. 

This changed in 2008 when the Federal Council introduced the national financial equalisation mechanism, which had two purposes – reducing inequality in wealth between the country’s cantons, and ensuring that each could fulfil their responsibilities at the same level. 

Essentially some cantons (see below) take in far more in tax receipts than others and the mechanism is aimed at reducing the inequality that creates.

The redistribution also allows cantons to pay for public services which are harder to provide in certain parts of Switzerland than others, due to geographical challenges such as the Alps.

Using a complicated formula that has undergone several revisions, the cantons giving and taking funds are identified, before funds are distributed each year. 

READ MORE: EXPLAINED: Why Switzerland’s cantons are so powerful

So why are German-speaking cantons subsidising French-speaking ones? 

The distribution of specific industries and businesses within Switzerland’s cantons plays a significant role in the disparity. 

The German-speaking cantons of Zug, Nidwalden and Schwyz, who will contribute the most, are each significant centres of economic activity across multiple sectors.

Approximately eight percent of the country’s GDP is generated between these three cantons and it has seen dramatic growth over the past decade.

These three cantons also feature the highest overall concentration of startups in Switzerland, with Zug (13.7 per 1000 residents) in the lead, followed by Schwyz (6.07) and Nidwalden (4.42). 

Additionally, it’s also worth noting that ‘Crypto Valley’ – the concentration of cryptocurrency and blockchain businesses focused on the canton of Zug – is worth approximately $611.81 billion (CHF 548 billion). 

In comparison, many of the cantons receiving funds, in Switzerland’s French-speaking west feature a more specialized economy. 

For example, the cantons of Vaud and Valais, Jura and Neuchâtel are home to a significant proportion of Switzerland’s farms. 

Neuchâtel and Jura also have economies that are focused towards watchmaking and precision engineering. 

READ MORE: EXPLAINED: Why is Switzerland so famous for watches?

There have been efforts to diversify the economies of these cantons and embrace developing industries, such as the life sciences-focused ‘Health Valley’ and autonomous vehicle ‘Drone Valley’ initiatives, centered on the country’s west but these are still in their early years. 

Cantons set own tax rates

This leads to the role played by tax policy. 

Under Swiss law, cantons can set their rates of taxation – and they’re able to use it to continuously draw an influx of business and new arrivals. 

Zug (22.2%), Nidwalden (24.2%)  and Schwyz (25.3%) can afford to set some of the country’s most competitive individual tax rates, as opposed to Valais (36.5%), Jura (39.0%) and Neuachtel (38.1%). 

While not as wide a gulf, the company tax rates for Zug (11.85%), Nidwalden (11.97%) and Schwyz (14.6%) make them a far more attractive investment proposition than Valais (17.12%) and Jura (16.0%). 

Such competitive rates are possible because these ‘richer’ cantons have a wider economic base, diversified across several sectors.

This ensures greater resilience and a continual draw of new arrivals and enterprises, more so than cantons where one particular industry dominates and is subject to fluctuations from outside factors.

So does it run smoothly?

There is a fine balance to strike in the redistribution formula.

“The greater the support given to resource-poor cantons, the lower their incentive to seek to increase their tax base, and the more the resource-rich cantons have to hand over, the less the incentive to enlarge theirs,” Andreas Stöckli of the University of Fribourg told Swiss Info.

In other words the transfer from cantons that tax-attractive to those that are less tax-attractive needs to be well-balanced.

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