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TAXES

EXPLAINED: The German tax changes coming into effect in April 2023

April 1st will see many of the recent changes to Germany’s tax regime implemented. Although passed through the Bundestag last year and technically effective as of January 1st, April is the first month many of the changes will be evident on employee payslips. We explain what might look different.

Tax return 2021
Small business owners in Germany have to do a lot on their own. Photo: picture alliance/dpa/BCD Travel | BCD Travel Germany GmbH

Employees working in Germany should finally see some changes on their payslips in a month from now, as tax law amendments passed last year finally leave some extra money in their bank accounts at the end of each month.

The most important changes concern tax credits or allowances—and many don’t have to be applied for.

Employees will generally see the new allowances automatically calculated into their monthly payslips.

Freelancers will have to use these new numbers when filing their 2023 tax returns after the end of the year. Here are the most important changes:

Basic tax-free allowance increases

The Grundfreibetrag – or “basic allowance” – is the amount of money you get to make a year before being subject to any German tax. In 2022, the first €9,984 a person made in Germany was subject to no tax at all, with any money made on top of that being taxable. As of April 2023, that number is increasing by quite a bit, to €10,908 annually. Employees should see this extra money prorated by month starting with their April 2023 payslip.

READ ALSO: EXPLAINED: How to understand your German payslip

Higher income threshold before entering top tax rates

Before April 1st, earning €58,597 annually put you into the highest possible income tax bracket in Germany. Any earnings above this were subject to the top tax rate of 42 percent.

As of April 1st, the amount someone has to earn before paying the top tax rate of 42 percent goes up by several thousand euros to €62,810 per year, meaning a little bit extra stays in the accounts for anyone earning less than this. There is still a special tax bracket above this for wealthy people. That threshold starts at earnings of €277,826 annually and will remain the same, with people making at least this amount subject to a top tax rate of 45 percent.

READ ALSO: Reader question: How do I find a German tax advisor?

Employee lump sum tax credit to go up

Although freelancers can deduct almost anything associated with their work on their annual tax returns—from stationary to computer and phone purchases—German tax offices also generally assume that employees have certain expenses related to their work that they may pay out of their own pockets.

These could be phones or LinkedIn subscriptions for example. Crucially, the tax office simply gives an amount to each employee in tax credits—without them having to prove the expense through receipts.

The tax office is now hiking this allowance to  €1,230 per year as of April 1st, and this should be reflected on the April 2023 payslips for employees.

READ ALSO: EXPLAINED: Which German benefits are increasing in 2023 – and how do I claim them?

Tax allowance for single parents to go up

Single parents specifically will have an additional tax-free allowance they get to keep, now set to go up with the April payslip to €4,260 annually, assuming they have one child. If they have more than one child, their allowance will increase by another €240 per year, per child—on top of the base amount.

READ ALSO: What benefits are you entitled to if you have children in Germany?

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TAXES

Hundreds of thousands of pensioners in Germany ‘not liable for tax this year’

Almost a quarter of a million pensioners will no longer have to pay tax this year, according to new government figures.

Hundreds of thousands of pensioners in Germany 'not liable for tax this year'

Around 244,000 pensioners will no longer be liable to pay tax in 2024 because they are to benefit from the increase in the basic allowance for income tax.

This figure was confirmed by a spokesperson for the Finance Ministry following a report in the Süddeutsche Zeitung newspaper. However, 114,000 pensioners are also to be added as new taxpayers this year due to the upcoming pension hike in July.

Pension pay outs in Germany will increase by an average of 4.57 percent on July 1st this year. For 2024, there will still be around 6.3 million people in Germany who are considered “taxpayers with pension income,” the spokesperson explained. In total, there are around 21 million pensioners in Germany, making up about a quarter of the population.

READ ALSO: Here’s how much more pensioners in Germany can expect to receive this year

The basic tax-free allowance applies to all taxpayers and refers to the annual income up to which no income tax has to be paid. It stands at €11,604 for the current year. To compensate for inflation, it was increased by €696 euros from €10,908 at the turn of the year.

Finance Minister Christian Lindner (FDP) is aiming for an even greater retroactive increase – although this is currently still being discussed within the coalition government. According to the spokesperson, this has not yet been taken into account in the Finance Ministry’s figures.

The taxation of pensions was reorganised with a reform in 2004. Gradually, more of people’s pensions will becomes taxable, while contributions in the working phase are tax-free.

The later the start of the pension, the higher the taxable portion of the pension income. Many pensions remain tax-free if pensioners have no other income.

In 2024, the pension adjustment will be above four percent for the third year in a row, and, for the first time, it will be the same nationwide.

Pensions are also likely to increase in future, but not to the same extent as this year, according to a recent report on pensions.

The report assumes an average rate of increase of 2.6 percent per year until 2037. At the same time, the pressure on the pension pot is increasing due to the wave of ‘baby boomers’ heading into retirement and fewer people in the workforce. 

According to the report, the pension level is likely to fall from the current 48.2 percent to 45.0 percent in 2037 without legislative intervention. This means that pensions will generally no longer increase as much as wages.

The government wants to counteract this with a second pension package and guarantee a pension level of 48 percent for the future. As part of the reform, it also wants to invest at least €200 billion from federal funds on the capital market by the mid-2030s.

Currently someone who receives an average salary for 45 years of their working life gets just over 48 percent of that salary paid to them each month upon retirement. 

READ ALSO: Six things to know about Germany’s pension reforms

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