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ECONOMY

German trade surplus shrinks amid Ukraine war and energy crisis

Germany's much-vaunted trade surplus shrank in 2022, official data showed Thursday, as soaring energy prices in the wake of the Ukraine war pushed up the cost of imports.

Cargo ships in Lubmin
Cargo ships in the harbour in Lubmin, Mecklenburg Western-Pomerania. Photo: picture alliance/dpa | Stefan Sauer

Germany exported goods to the value of €1.56 trillion, up 14 percent on a year earlier, federal statistics agency Destatis said in seasonally adjusted figures.

But imports rose by more than 24 percent to €1.48 trillion, resulting in a trade surplus of €76 billion.

Destatis said it was “the lowest surplus” since 2000 and down by more than half compared with last year’s €173.3 billion figure.

The bill for imports rose much more strongly “on account of the sharply increased prices of energy” following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the agency said.

READ ALSO: Why fears of a recession in Germany are rising

It is the fifth consecutive year that the trade surplus has narrowed in Europe’s biggest economy, it added.

The United States remained the top destination for “made in Germany goods”, while China was once again the largest source of imports.

The shrinking surplus in export champion Germany comes at a time of growing concern about the competitiveness of European companies in the face of US plans for a major subsidy package to green its economy.

The European Union is working on proposals to counter the threat, including a possible relaxation of state aid rules.

Germany’s BDI industry association on Thursday called for “swift, concrete results” on the issue.

It also urged the government to pursue EU-level trade agreements with “important partners” such as Latin American countries, India or Indonesia to diversify trade ties.

“The aim must be to drive forward the internationalisation of the German economy,” it said.

READ ALSO: Germany sees record post-war inflation in 2022

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COST OF LIVING

German inflation slows sharply in May

German inflation fell sharply in May on lower energy costs, official data showed Wednesday.

German inflation slows sharply in May

Germany’s annual inflation rate eased to 6.1 percent, down from 7.2 percent in April, the federal statistics office Destatis said in preliminary figures.

Analysts surveyed by FactSet had expected a May reading of 6.4 percent, meaning that cost of living in Germany went up again, but by a little less than originally expected.

The drop was partly down to the comparison with May 2022, when energy prices soared in the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

Energy prices have come down from their peaks in recent months, helped by government relief measures to cushion the impact on consumers and businesses.

Food prices, however, continued to show “above average growth” in May compared with a year earlier, Destatis said. While inflation has seen increases of nearly ten percent some months since the invasion, the prices for key food items, such as meat, eggs, or butter – have gone up by much more.

Increases for these goods have broken 20 percent in many cases.

READ ALSO: Which products are driving up inflation in Germany?

Prices in the service sector also cooled this month, “probably due in part to the introduction of the Germany ticket”, Destatis said, referring to the new public transport card allowing unlimited travel across Germany for 49 euros a month.

“The significant drop in the German inflation rate” brings “some relief”, said KfW chief economist Fritzi Koehler-Geib.

“But there is still a long way to go,” she said, before inflation reaches the European Central Bank’s two-percent target.

The ECB has hiked interest rates by an unprecedented 3.75 percentage points since last July in an attempt to bring down rapidly rising consumer prices.

ECB vice-president Luis de Guindos earlier on Wednesday welcomed “positive” inflation data out of key eurozone economies recently, but he too warned that the battle against high prices was not over.

“The data that we have received yesterday and today is positive, it’s a decline in headline inflation,” de Guindos told reporters.

“But I would not say that the victory is there,” he said.

“We are on a correct trajectory and we have to look very carefully at the evolution of core inflation” which excludes volatile food and energy prices, he added.

READ ALSO: Why inflation in Germany could slow down despite soaring food prices

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