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Buying property in France? Why you need to know about ‘VEFA’

Have you heard of VEFA? The French real estate term for buying a property off-plan is worth knowing about. Here’s why. 

Buying property in France? Why you need to know about 'VEFA'
How's the view? Access to stunning locations is just one VEFA benefit. Photo: Getty Images

Whether you choose to design a modern villa in the French countryside or buy a new apartment along the French riviera, when it comes to buying real estate in France, it is good to know the ins and outs of VEFA.

First of all, what is VEFA? It’s a term used in French real estate that stands for vente en l’etat futur d’achèvement. It is used to describe buying a property off the plan from a developer, before or during the construction phase but before it is completed.

While the idea of buying off-plan might not be new to you, the purchase process is different from buying a property already built – and in France, it has a number of benefits, including enticing savings to be made for holiday homes. 

In partnership with the French property experts at Leggett Immobilier, The Local shares with you six benefits of VEFA.

1. High protection for buyers

The VEFA market is highly regulated in France and buyers are protected from the outset. “The French laws in this arena are strict, making this one of the safest and most transparent property markets in the world,” says Joanna Leggett from Leggett Immobilier.

Buyers are well-protected throughout the contract stage.

The Contrat de Réservation sets out the purchase price, timeframe of the build, broad specification of the property and outline the structure of payments to be made. Note it is illegal for buyers to be asked for any payments before the Contrat de Réservation is signed. 

Once signed, buyers are asked to pay the deposit – Dépot de Garantie – either two or five percent, which is paid into a client account and cannot be withdrawn by the developer until the sale is completed. Buyers also have a ten-day cooling off period, with the right to a full refund. 

A VEFA contract comes with a number guarantees for the buyer. These include the Garantie de Remboursement, which means you will receive a full refund if the developer defaults on the contract, say for example, if the building’s planning permission was refused. 

The Garantie d’achevement covers issues like bankruptcy, while you will also have guarantees on the actual building work for one year under VEFA law. And you can opt for La responsabilité décennale – a ten year guarantee on all major building work. 

Find out more about the high protection that comes with buying VEFA. Legget Immobilier agents can help you every step of the way

2. Location, location

Developers have money, they have buying power, they have experience and they have local knowledge. All of these elements benefit the buyers of VEFA properties as developers want to build in prime locations. It’s usually the developers who are notified when those highly-sought-after locations go on the market. 

So if you want that unreal position beside a ski resort in the Alps, or conveniently close to the Paris metro, or perhaps with the most idyllic sea views over the Riviera, it’s likely a developer has a property planned for you. 

Buying a VEFA property could be a good way to own your own piece of the French Alps. Photo: Getty Images

3. Financial incentives

There are a couple of enticing financial incentives with a VEFA property purchase. When buying your dream French real estate, it is the notaire’s role to ensure everything complies with French property law. With VEFA, the notaire and legal fees are reduced so that they only add a maximum of three percent to the total price. For other properties this amount is seven to eight percent. 

Another value-add is to do with VAT. As VEFA refers to a new property, the total price includes 20 percent VAT. But if you rent out the property, this amount may be reimbursed. With this option, you can still enjoy the property yourself, it just cannot be your primary residence. There are some other rules too, like it must be furnished and rented on a short-term basis.

New-builds tend to make an excellent long-term investment, explain the experts at Leggett Immobilier. This is in part because of the many financial incentives – so you get an ideal combination of value and quality property.

Tap into local knowledge and a black book of contacts when you’re buying French real estate by talking to Leggett Immobilier

4. It’s new, and it’s all yours

Many of you will, I’m sure, agree that the idea of having your own slice of French real estate is pinch-yourself exciting. But imagine if that property was completely brand new. No rickety gates to fix, old wallpaper to painstakingly scrape away, or decades-old plumbing oddities to deal with. Heaven!

Buying a property before it’s been built also quite often means you can add your own personal touches as it’s being constructed. The options will vary from development to development but this typically means having your own say on the fixtures, fittings, colours and surfaces used in your kitchen and bathroom, decorations and sometimes even the furnishings. 

5. Energy efficiency: a green dream

It’s more likely that new-builds have a higher energy efficiency, so you can rest your head in your luxurious new villa or apartment knowing that you are doing your bit to save the planet. 

Typically, newer builds take in passive design principles and with modern building practices and French regulations, owners of newly built properties also enjoy lower running costs compared to those of an older property. A win for both you and the environment. 

6. Set prices

Depending on the country you are in, buying a property can be a real rollercoaster of emotions. Viewing a property, falling in love with it, and then the back and forth of negotiating the price – it can be exhausting to get to the contract stage! 

With VEFA, once you’ve found your ideal place, there are no anxiety-inducing price negotiations or auctions to attend. Buying off-plan from a developer, there is usually little to no room for price changes, so you basically know what the cost will be, straight up. 

Sold on the French property market dream? According to Leggett, your best first steps are to work out the area you want to buy in, and your budget. Then, you can speak to a local real estate agent, like the experts at Leggett Immobilier who have sold many VEFAs. They will help you find suitable properties, explaining the pros and cons in line with what you’re after along the way. 

Make finding your French dream home easy. Watch Leggett Immobilier’s new video,

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How would a €1,600 minimum wage in France compare to the rest of Europe?

France's left-wing alliance Nouveau Front Populaire has made headlines with its economic policies, especially a pledge to raise minimum wage to €1,600 a month - but is that actually that high? Here's how France’s minimum wage stacks up against European neighbours.

How would a €1,600 minimum wage in France compare to the rest of Europe?

Part of the election manifesto of the Nouveau Front Populaire – an alliance of France’s four biggest left-wing parties – is an increase in the take home minimum wage to €1,600 per month.

Now it’s still far from certain that the group will get itself into a position to implement this or any of its other policies as France’s political deadlock continues but let’s take a look at how the proposals stack up.

The current minimum wage in France (known as the Smic) for an employee working full-time hours, is €1,766.92 a month (€11.65 per hour) before taxes and social charges – or €1,398.70 (€9.22/hr) take home.

Explained: The left alliance’s programme for government

In total, 22 of 27 member nations of the European Union have a statutory minimum wage, as does former member the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 

Austria, Denmark, Sweden, Italy and Finland do not have a national minimum wage. Instead, wage levels are set on a sector-by-sector basis via collective bargaining between employers and trades unions, and may include additional benefits depending on the laws of each country.

Similarly, European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries Norway, Switzerland and Iceland do not have a national minimum wage.

What about the countries that do have a minimum wage?

Germany’s minimum wage increased on January 1st from €12 to €12.41 per hour. It is expected to rise again, to €12.82/hr on January 1st, 2025, assuming the government acts on recommendations (which it usually does).

That translates to a full-time minimum monthly wage before tax of €2,085. Germany is one of four EU countries – along with Luxembourg (€2,571), Ireland (€2,146) and Netherlands (€2,070) – where the minimum gross monthly wage is above €2,000, according to OECD figures.

Minimum wages in Spain, meanwhile, were revised upwards five percent on January 1st to €1,134 per month for general workers working full-time hours. 

In other European Union countries, the minimum monthly wage ranges from a high of €2,571 per month in Luxembourg, down to €477 in Bulgaria. EU candidate country North Macedonia’s minimum wage, meanwhile, is €360.

In fact, the minimum wage is €1,000 or lower in 14 EU member states that have a nationally mandated minimum wage. 

Here’s a list of the eight EU member states with monthly minimum wage levels before tax above €1,000:

  • Luxembourg – €2,571
  • Ireland  – €2,146
  • Germany – €2,085
  • Netherlands – €2,070
  • Belgium – €1,994
  • France – €1,767
  • Spain – €1,323
  • Slovenia – €1,254

Non-EU nations

For workers over 21, the minimum wage in the UK rose from £10.41 per hour to £11.44 on April 1st – equivalent to £1,735 per month before tax for anyone working full-time hours.

In USA, the federal minimum wage is $7.25/hr. However numerous states have their own minimum wage laws, which usually set a higher rate – in cases where employees are subject to both the state and federal minimum wage laws, they are entitled to the higher of the two minimum wages.

Meanwhile, in Australia, the National Minimum Wage was set at AUS$24.10 per hour on July 1st, or AU$915.90 per 38-hour week (before tax).

The minimum federal monthly wage in Canada was set at CAD$2,035 per month on April 1st, 2024, but workers there are subject to minimum wage levels set by their respective province or territory.

All of which is to say that while the Nouveau Front Populaire’s proposed minimum wage increase is generous, it is not insanely so and would not make France a European outlier on minimum wages.

But…

Comparing minimum wage levels between nations is not just a matter of quoting figures. Differences in the cost of living and taxation, not to mention different currencies and exchange rates for those nations outside the eurozone, render the exercise more complicated than a simple number comparison.

Which brings us to…

EU Minimum Wage Directive

In November 2024, the European Union’s Adequate Minimum Wage Directive comes into effect.

It says: “Member states may use indicative reference values commonly used at international level such as 60 percent of the gross median wage and 50 percent of the gross average wage, and/or indicative reference values used at national level.”

France’s current minimum wage of €1,766.92 per month for full-time workers is, according to recent estimates, 60.9 percent of the country’s monthly median wage before tax, meaning that – even before the EU directive comes into effect – it is meeting its expected obligations without having to increase minimum wage levels.

Portugal (€957 per month minimum wage) and Slovenia are the only other EU nations to pass the 60 percent median bar for their minimum wage levels, along with long-standing EU candidate country Turkey.

Germany’s minimum wage, despite appearing to be relatively high in straight euro terms, is only 52.6 percent of the median level, according to OECD calculations, while Luxembourg’s was 54.2 percent, and Ireland’s 47.5 percent.

Here’s another look at that list of the eight EU member states with monthly minimum wages above €1,000, with the ratio to that country’s median wage:

  • Slovenia – €1,254 (61.7 percent of the median wage)
  • France – €1,767 (60.9 percent)
  • Luxembourg – €2,571 (54.2 percent)
  • Germany – €2,085 (52.6 percent)
  • Spain – €1,323 (49.5 percent)
  • Ireland  – €2,146 (47.5 percent)
  • Netherlands – €2,070 (46.1 percent)
  • Belgium – €1,994 (40.9 percent)

The UK’s minimum wage, for the record, comes in at 58 percent.

This comparison of minimum wages is still open to interpretation and criticism. The International Labour Organisation said: “These ratios can be misleading when they are interpreted too literally.”

Meanwhile, the OECD has said that minimum wages must be revised regularly to cope with inflation and protect standards of living among those lower-paid workers. 

Salary conditions

According to European statistics agency Eurostat, the highest median gross hourly earnings in 2018 – the last available year for earnings – were recorded in Denmark (€27.2), Luxembourg (€19.6) and Sweden (€18.2).

By contrast, the lowest median gross hourly earnings were registered in Hungary (€4.4), Romania (€3.7) and Bulgaria (€2.4). 

In other words, across EU Member States, the highest national median gross hourly earnings were 11 times as high as the lowest expressed in euros.

In total, across the EU, some 15.3 percent of employees in 2018 were classed as low-wage earners – that is to say employees who earn two-thirds or less of national median gross hourly earnings, according to Eurostat. Again, there were huge nation-by-nation ranges involved. Latvia (23.5 percent), Lithuania (22.3 percent) and Estonia (22.0 percent) saw the highest proportion of low-wage earners. 

By contrast, less than 10 percent of employees were low wage earners in Denmark (8.7 percent), France (8.6 percent), Italy (8.5 percent), Finland (5.0 percent), Portugal (4.0 percent) and Sweden (3.6 percent), according to Eurostat figures.

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