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RENTING

What is Spain’s rental allowance fund and how can I claim it?

The Spanish government offers rental help for low and medium income earners aged between 18-35, but what is the 'bono' rental fund and how can you claim it?

What is Spain's rental allowance fund and how can I claim it?
Young people in Spain can apply for a rent bonus in 2022. (Photo by GABRIEL BOUYS / AFP)

As The Local reported last year, the Spanish government has created a ‘Bono Joven Alquiler’ (Youth Rental Bonus) to help young people with the rising cost of living and rental prices.

With inflation causing prices and rents to skyrocket in recent months, young people across Spain (both Spanish and foreign residents, more on that below) will be relieved to know that the money from the fund is now becoming available to claim, depending on where in Spain you are.

READ ALSO: Soaring energy prices push inflation in Spain up to 37-year high

The Local breaks down who’s eligible, for how much, and how to claim below:

‘El bono’

Back in January, Pedro Sánchez’s PSOE-led coalition government approved the Royal Decree 42/2022, which created the ‘Bono Joven Alquiler’ as part of a broader plan to increase access to housing between 2022-2025.

The ‘bono’ has a budget of €200 million set aside, and it is believed that over 70,000 young people will be able to claim up to €250 a month for a period of two years to help pay their rent.

READ ALSO: Spain to give young mid-income earners €250 monthly rental allowance

The fund has been welcomed by young Spaniards as the rental market in Spain places youngsters under particular pressure. According to a survey by Spanish property engine Fotocasa, 62 per cent of under 35s in Spain face financial obstacles when buying or renting a property.

And this forces them to stay at home longer, too: the average Spaniard leaves the nest at 29.5 years of age, the sixth latest bloomers in Europe, where the average age of emancipation is 26.2 years old.

So, what help is the government offering, and what are the terms?

How old do you have to be to claim?

Spaniards seem to be quite liberal with their understanding of ‘young’. You must be between 18 and 35 years of age to qualify for the bono support.

How much can you claim?

Each applicant is entitled to €6000 over two years, split into 24 monthly payments of €250.

Who’s eligible to claim?

In order to claim, you must satisfy a few basic criteria:

  • Be a Spanish or European citizen or a third-country citizen with legal residency in Spain.
  • The rental allowance must be used to pay rent, and nothing else.
  • The maximum price of the rented property must not exceed €600, or €300 for a room. There are some exceptions, where total rents may be higher in some cases, depending on where you are, up to €900 or €450 per room. 
  • Your annual income must not be more than three times the value of the IPREM (‘Public Multiple Effects Income Indicator’ or Indicador Público de Renta de Efectos Múltiples, in Spanish) which is currently set at €24,318.84.
  • However, according to the official government website, the IPREM calculation varies depending on your situation and family size: although it is three times the IPREM in general, it can be four times the IPREM for large families and people with disabilities, and five times for ‘special large families’ and people with more serious disabilities.
  • All rents, whether for an entire property or private room, must be supported by a rental contract for the purposes of the application.

How can I claim?

Despite being a flagship policy of the coalition government, the administrative process is delegated to the autonomous communities. As is often the case in Spain, each regional government has a slightly different process, but the first to open up applications for the fund are Catalonia and Valencia.

If you are based in Catalonia, and meet all of the criteria above, you can access the application portal of the Generalitat here, and for the Valencian Community on its housing aid website here.

READ ALSO: Rent prices in Spain rising 30 times faster than wages

It is believed that some autonomous communities will retroactively cover rent payments dating back to January 2022, although it is suggested that you contact your region’s individual housing authority for more information.

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For members

RENTING

Who really owns all the Airbnb-style lets in Spain?

Holiday lets have been pinpointed as one of the primary reasons property prices and rents have skyrocketed in recent years in Spain. But who owns these properties, and are rich foreign buyers the straw that broke the camel’s back?

Who really owns all the Airbnb-style lets in Spain?

By the end of 2023, there were 340,000 short-term holiday lets in Spain, according to the country’s national stats body INE. 

Although they barely represented 1.3 percent of the total number of homes in Spain last year, the number of holiday lets increased by 9 percent after increases in all 17 regions except the Balearic Islands.

According to data from Spain’s Tax Agency, there are about 2 million rented homes in the country. 

The number of holiday lets fell as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic but it’s been picking up at record speeds, especially in 2022, where an increase of more than 16 percent saw 41 holiday lets set up every day. 

The autonomous regions with the most short-term lets were Andalusia (79,065), followed by the Valencia region (58,337), Catalonia (52,026), the Canary Islands (44,376), the Balearic Islands (26,507), Madrid (16,970) and Galicia (18,080).

If the figure for Madrid strikes you as low that’s because the Spanish capital has a big problem with holiday lets without a licence, which in turn calls into question the real figure of Airbnb-style rentals across the country as a whole. 

READ ALSO: Why Madrid is struggling with its explosion of illegal holiday lets

According to Spanish tourism association Exceltur, which admittedly has the interests of hoteliers at heart, 60,000 new holiday lets have been added to Spain’s 25 main tourist destinations so far in 2024, describing the rise as “out of control”. 

What’s clear is the number of apartamentos turísticos or viviendas turísticas is on the up and that its negative impact for long-term residents who rent, particularly in city centre locations, is widespread. 

There are now 28 percent fewer long-term rental properties available in Spain than in 2019 and rents have never been so expensive.

So it’s no surprise that there’s growing discontent among locals particularly in popular tourist spots where rents have spiked, and sometimes a somewhat mistaken sense that wealthy foreigners buying homes in Spain are one of the chief reasons for the current housing crisis (cue the government’s decision to axe golden visas). 

READ MORE: Is Spain’s decision to axe golden visa about housing or politics?

Who owns all the holiday lets in Spain?

So what do we know about the people and companies behind the mountain of Airbnb-style lets that according to Housing Minister Isabel Rodríguez are causing “price speculation” in the market? 

Are they foreign individuals, Spanish landlords or vulture funds capitalising on Spain’s popularity among tourists?

The Spanish government has not released any data illustrating which group owns the most flats, and whether they’re using it for short-term, temporary or long-term renting.

What it did do in 2023 was divide them into two groups: pequeños propietarios (landlords with up to 10 properties) and grandes tenedores (a major or multi-property landlord with more than 10 properties, five in saturated areas).

The best approximation of the structure of property ownership in Spain is that of the Barcelona Metropolitan Housing Observatory (OHMB), which in a study on the subject published in 2022 concluded that 36 percent of rental apartments in Barcelona belonged to landlords who owned more than 10 properties.

The OHMB also found that 79 percent of landlords only have one property they rent out, but crucially, the remaining 21 percent own 61 percent of Barcelona’s stock of rental properties.

Therefore, in the Catalan capital at least, multi-property landlords, investment companies and vulture funds own a sizable proportion of Barcelona’s rental market.

According to property giants Idealista, legislation introduced to limit prices and rents has actually spurred more landlords and companies to ditch long-term leases for temporary lets of a maximum of 11 months (up by 40 percent) and holiday lets of a maximum of 32 days (up by 9 percent). 

From a business perspective, Airbnb-style lets are more profitable than long-term leases as they have no price caps and no nationwide legislation limiting it, so it’s a no-brainer for vulture funds, which bought Spanish real estate at distressed prices and are now capitalising on it.

Caixabank and Blackstone alone own 41,000 rental properties in Spain; how many of them are probably being used now as more lucrative holiday lets?

Spain’s Deputy Prime Minister Yolanda Díaz recently said that property purchases by “vulture funds” and non-resident population represent 40 percent of transactions in Alicante, 38 percent in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 32 percent in Málaga, 30.85 percent in Girona and 31 percent in the Balearic Islands.

So does that mean that wealthy foreign second home owners own a sizable portion of Spain’s holiday rental market? Not necessarily.

According to Spain’s Real Estate Credit Union (UCI) around 68 percent of international buyers bought properties in the country in 2023 to use as their main home, 21 percent as a second home and just 11 percent as an investment for rental, without specifying if this is long or short-term rental. 

This would suggest that individual foreign investors do not make up a large proportion of ‘the Airbnb market’, even though property purchases by foreigners did hit a record 15 percent last year.

Overall, it can be concluded that the number of tourism rentals in Spain is probably higher than the 350,000 suggested by the Spanish government, and that the role real estate investment firms and vulture funds are playing in warping the country’s rental market is most likely underestimated.

READ ALSO: Spain urges regions to limit Airbnb-style lets in ‘stressed rental areas’

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