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LEARNING GERMAN

The everyday German groceries that have a double meaning

The food that you put in your shopping basket at the German supermarket isn’t just the ingredients for a tasty dinner, it can also add some flavour to your spoken German.

The everyday German groceries that have a double meaning

Like in many languages, spoken German is peppered with colloquialisms that don’t seem to make much sense at first glance. For some reasons, Germans are particularly fond of spicing up their Umgangssprache by giving groceries new meanings.

Eier (eggs)

Eier are not just ovals that you crack into your frying pan in the morning, they are also the two ovals that hang between a man’s legs.

If you want to compliment a man on his bravery you can say that er hat dicke Eier (he’s got fat eggs).

Or, if you a football hits you in the wrong place you can say “Aua, das hat mich direkt in die Eier getroffen!” (that hit my eggs).

By the way, your Nudel (pasta) completes the trinity of the male genitalia.

Birne (pear)

More anatomy here: your head is sometimes referred to in everyday speech as either your Birne or your Rübe (turnip). This is somewhat equivalent to the word ‘noggin’ in English dialect.

Kartoffel (potato)

The German word for a potato is also used as an insult for people who are ethnically German. It could also be used ironically by Germans to describe typically German behaviour. Er ist eine richtige Kartoffel! is an insult you might reserve for someone who wears socks and sandals outdoors.

Kartoffel as a description for Germans has become controversial in recent years, with some conservative politicians warning that it is being used in school playgrounds to bully German children.

Wurst (sausage)

The Ahlenwurst (seen here) is a speciality from Hessen. Photo: dpa | Uwe Zucchi

Germans famously care about their sausages. Most regions have their own local delicacy and will proudly insist that it is the best in the country. But the word Wurst can also be used to mean that you don’t care.

So, if you want to tell someone you don’t give a toss, you can say: Das ist mir völlig Wurst! (That’s complete sausage to me).

Apparently, the phrase comes from the fact that butchers once used leftover meat in their sausages.

Bier (beer)

An expression using the German word for beer is similar. To say Das ist nicht mein Bier is to say that’s not my business (and is usually used just after you’ve poked you nose into someone else’s affairs).

The origins of this phrase seem obscure. One theory has it that the word Bier has come to replace Birne (pear), which is used to mean Sache (thing) in some dialects.

Salat (salad)

The word for lettuce or salad can be used in a couple of ways in everyday speech. If someone is talking gibberish then a Wortsalat is coming out of their mouth.

Additionally, if you have the salad (den Salat haben) then you are counting the cost for a misadventure.

Sahne (cream)

You might not be surprised to hear that the word for cream signifies exclusivity in German. Much like the expression crème de la crème, Germans call something erste Sahne to mean it is top notch.

SEE ALSO: These eight words show just how different German and Austrian Deutsch can be

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LEARNING GERMAN

A1 to C2: What are the different levels in German and how do I reach them?

The six different categories in the European Framework for Languages set out what a German learner should be able to say and do at each level of language learning. Here's what each of them mean and how you can get there.

A1 to C2: What are the different levels in German and how do I reach them?

If you’ve started learning German or any other European language, you have probably encountered the classifications A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2. But what do they mean?

These letters and numbers refer to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), an indispensable framework in language learning – and the standardised form of reference for language level used around Europe.

Whether you’re applying to study or for a job, many Europeans in educational institutions and professional human resources departments will understand what the levels refer to and have certain expectations of you based on your stated level. For example, most European universities will require you to have at least a B2 level in whatever language is required to study in the appropriate program there. Some specialised programs – such as language or literature courses – may even ask for higher levels.

If you want to gauge where you currently are in your German-learning journey, we’ve put together a handy guide to each of the CEFR levels. 

By knowing the necessary skills, vocabulary and grammar requirements required at each level, you’ll have a roadmap for improving your German even further. 

READ ALSO: Is it ‘arrogant’ to live in Germany and not speak German?

A1 – Beginner 

This is the lowest level of German possible and covers those getting started. People coming to Germany to retire or reunite with family would generally need to demonstrate expertise at this level. This level may also allow you to apply for an au pair visa.

At this level, your skills should allow you to:

  • Introduce yourself – ‘Hallo! Mein Name ist…’ (Hello! My name is…)
  • Ask and answer simple questions about personal information – ‘Wie alt bist du? Ich bin fünfundzwanzig Jahre alt.’ (How old are you? I’m twenty-five.) 
  • Understand basic instructions – ‘Bitte setzen Sie sich.’ (Please have a seat) 

Retirement in Germany is typically possible if applicants for the appropriate residence permit can demonstrate a basic level – A1 German. (Photo by AMA GENUSS REGION / www.schwarz-koenig.at)

Vocabulary:

You should know and be able to use basic words and phrases related to: 

  • Personal information – ‘Ich komme aus’ (I come from)
  • Daily routines – ‘Ich arbeite von 9 bis 5’ (I work from 9 to 5) 
  • Family – ‘Meine Mutter heißt…’ (My mother’s name is…) 
  • Hobbies – ‘Ich male in meiner Freizeit’ (I paint in my free time.)
  • Immediate surroundings – ‘Ich wohne in der Stadt’ (I live in the city.) 

Your grammar knowledge should allow you to use:

  • Personal pronouns and verbs in the present tense – ‘Ich spiele, er ist’ (I play, he is)
  • Articles and noun gender – Der (masculine), die (feminine), das (neuter) 
  • Negation – ‘Ich bin nicht müde’ (I’m not tired), ‘Ich habe keine Katze’ (I don’t have a cat)
  • Word order 
  • Basic preposition knowledge – ‘Das Buch ist in der Tasche’ (The book is in the bag)
 

A2 – Elementary 

Once you have the beginner skills down, you should be able to go just a little more, including describing daily routines, understanding basic texts, having simple conversations like discussing your weekend with a friend or expressing your opinion:

‘Ich finde, dass…’, ‘Meiner Meinung nach…’ (I think that…, in my opinion…) 

At this level, you should have some vocabulary to talk about work, school, shopping, or travel.

You should also have a familiarity with grammar that will allow you to use:

  • Past tense (Perfekt) of regular and common irregular verbs – ‘Ich habe Fußball gespielt’ (I have played football/I played football) or ‘Ich habe nicht gut geschlafen’ (I haven’t slept well/I didn’t sleep well)
  • The dative case, including dative prepositions – Mit (with), nach (to), bei (for/by), zu (to/towards)
  • Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives – ‘Er ist größer als ich’ (He is taller than me) or ‘Das Bild ist am schönsten’ (This is the most beautiful picture). 
  • Conjunctions – Und (and), aber (but), weil (because), wenn (when/if)

READ ALSO: 10 simple phrases to make your German sound more impressive

B1 – Intermediate 

A German speaker at this level should be able to use their skills independently of help – even if they’re not anywhere near a perfect speaker yet. They should be able to handle most aspects of daily life and manage simple topics between family and friends.

This is also the crucial German level to pass for people looking to apply either for permanent residence or standard-track citizenship in Germany. Having a certificate at this level would let you apply for German permanent residence after five years in Germany and citizenship after eight years – although this will be changed to five years under a new reform making its way through the German Bundestag.

TEST: Is your German good enough for citizenship or permanent residency?

At this level, you should have the following skills:

  • Handling most situations while travelling – ‘Der Flug ist verspätet, weitere Informationen folgen’ (The flight is delayed, more information will follow) 
  • Expressing thoughts on familiar topics – ‘Ich gehe gerne auf Konzerte. Letzte Woche habe ich eine neue Band gesehen, aber sie war nicht so toll.’ (I like going to concerts. Last week I saw a new band, but it wasn’t great.)
  • Reading and understanding simple texts 
  • Participating in discussions 

A German passport

B1 is the basic language requirement to obtain German citizenship. Photo: picture alliance/dpa | Fabian Sommer

Vocabulary: 

You should be able to converse on a broader range of topics, including: 

  • Society – Die Gesellschaft (society), die Vielfalt (diversity), die Demokratie (democracy) 
  • Culture – Die Bräuche (customs), die Kunst (art), die Architektur (architecture) 
  • News – Die Schlagzeilen (headlines), aktuelle Ereignisse (current events), die Politiknachrichten (political news) 
  • Abstract concepts – Der Frieden (peace), die Toleranz (tolerance), das Glück (happiness) 

Your B1 grammar skills should let you express:

  • Future tense (Futur I) – ‘Es wird regnen’ (It’s going to rain/it will rain) 
  • Genitive case and possessive pronouns – ‘Das Haus seiner Mutter’ (his mother’s house) 
  • Subjunctive mood (Konjunktiv I for indirect speech) – ‘Er sagte, er gehe heute Abend ins Kino’ (he says he is going to the cinema tonight) 
  • Complex sentence structures (subordinate clauses) – ‘Ich werde morgen früh aufstehen, weil ich einen wichtigen Termin habe.’ (I will get up early tomorrow because I have an important appointment).

EXPLAINED: A language teacher’s guide to passing the German tests for citizenship

 B2 – Upper Intermediate  

Learners at this level are starting to be able to really demonstrate their degree of German fluency, and are getting to the point where they can study or work in German – provided that more complex discussions are close to an area of expertise they have.

Under current German nationality law, someone passing an exam at this level can shorten the time they need to have been resident in Germany for to apply for citizenship from eight years to six. But this will change under the new reform. Fast track applicants will be eligible after just three years of residence, but need to demonstrate C1 skills. Some university programs in Germany might admit non-native German speakers if they can demonstrate skills at this level.

Women are still very much in the majority of part-time workers in Germany.

A B2 level of German will allow people to work in certain jobs and have a command over conversations in subjects where they have some expertise. Photo: picture alliance/dpa/dpa-tmn | Christin Klose

Skills

  • Communicating coherently on various topics 
  • Understanding complex texts. Speakers at this level should be able to read many German newspapers. 
  • Writing detailed essays 
  • Following most discussions. Speakers at this level should be able to watch most TV programs. 

Vocabulary

  • Extensive vocabulary covering diverse subjects and specialised areas of interest 

Grammar

  • Subjunctive mood (Konjunktiv II for hypothetical situations) – ‘Wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte, würde ich ins Kino gehen’. (If i had more time, I would go to the cinema) 
  • Passive voice – ‘Den Schülern wird die Grammatik vom Lehrer erklärt’. (The grammar is explained to the students by the teacher.) 
  • Conditional sentences – ‘Wenn es regnet, werde ich einen Regenschirm mitnehmen’. (If it rains, I will take an umbrella).

READ ALSO: What’s the difference between B2 and C1 German for new fast-track citizenship?

C1 – Advanced

This level – the second-highest possible – denotes someone who speaks German fluently. A speaker at this level would be able to work in the language, attend most university courses and can have long discussions that included subjects that weren’t necessarily linked to their overall interests or expertise. Their skills would also include being able to express ideas spontaneously, understanding complex books and lectures. They should also be able to engage in debate and negotiation.

Subletting in Germany

C1 level German will equip you with the necessary knowledge to negotiate contracts. Photo: picture alliance/dpa/dpa-tmn | Christin Klose

Their vocabulary would included advanced and specialised words for professional and academic purposes. Grammar-wise, they would be able to use nuanced sentence structure and idioms – as well as relative clauses and indirect speech.

Under the newly proposed reform to German citizenship, people who can demonstrate a C1 level of German could be eligible for citizenship after as little as three years of residence in Germany.

READ ALSO: How hard is the C1 language test for Germany’s upcoming fast-track citizenship?

C2 – Mastery/Proficiency 

This the highest possible level of German language skill – and one that many speakers don’t ever get to. Conversations at this level stray into very academic realms. Many speakers outside of advanced academia or research posts can often already work in German with C1 rather than C2.

A C2 speaker would be able to express themselves effortlessly, understand and produce nuanced texts, engage in very precise academic or professional conversation and comprehend virtually all bits of the language. They would be able to use the language subtly, master complex sentence structure and use advanced rhetoric the way a native would.

READ ALSO: 12 colourful German expressions that’ll add swagger to your language skills 

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