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OPINION AND ANALYSIS

How Germany’s 2G-plus Covid rules have left millions of people confused

Germany's 2G-plus regulations - meaning you have to be vaccinated/recovered and boosted or tested to get into most public places - have left millions of people unsure if they need a test or not, writes Rachel Loxton.

A sign on a restaurant in Dresden says entry is only for people who are vaccinated, recovered with a booster or a negative test.
A sign on a restaurant in Dresden says entry is only for people who are vaccinated, recovered with a booster or a negative test. Photo: picture alliance/dpa/dpa-Zentralbild | Robert Michael

“Is it okay if I go deep into your nose?”

It’s a question I never imagined I’d be asked in my life, but it was even a bit surprising to hear as I sat down to get an antigen test in Berlin on Sunday after waiting in a long queue. 

“What do you mean?” I asked. 

The woman who was getting ready to test me for Covid-19 explained that inserting the swab further into the nose than usual is better for detecting the Omicron variant. 

It was my choice, but adopting the British overly-polite persona that I never seem to be able to shake off I obliged. As she advised me to breathe through my mouth, I let out a little yelp when it felt like she was tickling my brain. 

“That really was deep,” I laughed on my way out of the cubicle while the next person was already moving into the chair to get their nose inspected. 

Great, I thought. I might have to do this every time I go to a cafe, restaurant, bar or the cinema now. 

I say might because I’m not very sure. 

Germany’s new 2G-plus rules have left a lot of people suddenly unsure if they have to show an official negative test result to have coffee with a friend.

Under the 2G-plus restrictions, people have to be vaccinated/recovered and have their booster jab to get into many public places. If they don’t have a booster, they need a negative test. 

People who are unvaccinated can’t enter at all as was the case under the 2G rules (the Gs standing for geimpft (vaccinated) and genesen (recovered).

But there are lots of unclear points, not least the fact they are open to interpretation depending on the state and on the venue operator. 

A restaurant in Kronberg am Taunus, Hesse, advertises 2G-plus rules.

A restaurant in Kronberg am Taunus, Hesse, advertises 2G-plus rules. Photo: picture alliance/dpa | Frank Rumpenhorst

I got the Johnson & Johnson vaccine last May during a community drive. I picked the J&J queue because it was shorter (people wanted the mRNA vaccine Moderna instead) and I liked the idea of it being a single dose. No queuing for another jab at a later date!

More than three million people in Germany have had J&J, including some vulnerable groups like people in temporary accommodation. 

Then German government advice, which surfaced in autumn, said that people who had J&J should get an mRNA jab. 

“Oh, we’re getting our booster jab earlier,” I told my friends who had J&J. In November I was “boosted” and felt pleased to have that shot out of the way. 

But as The Local has been reporting, the Health Ministry now says that the second mRNA shot was to optimise the basic immunisation, and was not a booster shot.

Authorities recommend a further jab (the real booster shot) three months after the second vaccine. 

To complicate matters further, states have different stances on that. Some do count J&J and another shot as being boosted, and some don’t. 

The general feedback seems to be that if you’ve had three ‘classic’ shots, there are no issues. But if you’ve had J&J or a Covid infection as well as being vaccinated, it gets more complicated. 

READ ALSO: 2G-plus: What people who’ve had the J&J jab in Germany need to know

Do I need a test or not?

Under the 2G-plus rules which came into force in Berlin on Saturday, I had no idea if I needed a test to get into places, but took it to be on the safe side so I wouldn’t be turned away from anywhere. 

At a Vietnamese restaurant in Kreuzberg I had to show my vaccination pass, negative test and photo ID (my passport). My friend was granted entry with his NHS digital vaccination pass showing three shots, plus his passport.

In another venue, I showed my vaccination pass and the barkeeper said I didn’t need to show a test. 

When I posted about the issues on Twitter, some people reported similar inconsistencies. 

One user said: “My understanding is that you don’t need a test, but a friend of mine yesterday was denied entry into a bar even if he had J&J + booster, so keine Ahnung (no idea).”

Another Twitter user who doesn’t fall neatly into the neat ‘three jabs’ category said: “We were jabbed twice and got Omicron recently. Denied entry last night.”

Some people said having J&J and an mRNA shot showed as 3/3 shots on their vaccination app, while others (including me) only have 2/2. 

My colleague, who also had J&J and another shot in November, said she didn’t need to show a test to visit a bar in north Berlin. 

Better communication 

The actual testing is not the problem – sticking a swab to the back of your mouth, up your nose and twirling it around has become a normal part of our pandemic routine along with sitting on the sofa watching too much TV. Getting regular tests is a good idea. 

But with the tightening and changing of rules, I almost feel like I’m being scolded for not having my “real booster” even though I’ve followed all the restrictions and orders the government has put in place. 

It also gave me an idea of what it must be like for people who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons (and those who choose not to get vaccinated), and might have to get lots of tests. There are long waits at some test centres and a lot of brain tickling. 

For me the biggest problem is the lack of clear communication. I can understand why authorities want people to test more. But we need standardised rules throughout Germany (and in plenty of time before new restrictions come into force). And if rules change (like with J&J), we need to be informed, rather than having to search with difficulty for it.  

The restrictions also add more stress to visitors to Germany who might not have a digital vaccine passport. The German government still doesn’t allow people who don’t live in the country to get the EU digital pass, although some pharmacies do give it out. 

Germany needs to make it very clear who needs the test in the first place to make sure that testing facilities are available for those who need it most.

OPINION: The pandemic has revealed Germany’s deep obsession with rules and compliance

Member comments

  1. If you have received the J&J vaccine plus 1 extra mRNA jab your certificate should say 2/2. Once you have received the further dose after another 3 months you should then have a certificate that says 3/3.

  2. “But with the tightening and changing of rules, I almost feel like I’m being scolded for not having my “real booster” even though I’ve followed all the restrictions and orders the government has put in place. ”

    Congratulations to the author. In 3 months they’ll be classed as unvaccinated and can join the unvaccinated in lockdown”
    Following all these covid rules will only guarantee we stay with this world where the government can just take your freedom when they see fit. At a whim.
    But clutching all your documents and smart phone while hoping you don’t get turned away by some over zealous security guard that himself doesn’t know the rules, does sound like fun. Bit like a freedom lottery. Also, Feeling guilty while hoping a complete stranger might find you guilty of not keeping up with the dictats of the fourth reich.stinks of freedom.

  3. Concerned my CDC card (I’m vaxxed/boosted = 3 shots) will not be accepted as proof. Vaccinated visitors from the States have reported being denied entry to retail activities as some owners only accept EU digital pass and require those who have it to get tested.

    These archaic protocols only sow more confusion. Endless vaccines/boosters are clearly not working in promoting confidence to return to some semblance of normal life again.

  4. I had J&J, then a ‘booster’, then caught Covid (I’m just out of isolation). I don’t know whether or not it’s a health risk for me to now get another ‘booster’ so soon. Technically I don’t think I need it for protection against Covid, but I would need it to go to a restaurant… The rules and guidelines are not clear at all

    1. I would suggest that if you don’t think you need the booster. Don’t get it. Do your own research and make your own decision. From my understanding ( natural immunity is better than vaccination).
      I would not be getting a medical treatment so that I could go to a restaurant though.

  5. I don’t understand the logic behind the flat “everyone needs a booster” rule. It should be when you had your last shot. Why wouldn’t a freshly vaccinated person be able to do everything that a “boostered” person can do?

    1. That’s actually one of the rules here in NRW, where they’ve made things even more complicated. If you’re freshly vaccinated (less than 90 days ago) then you don’t need a booster shot or a negative test to be allowed into a 2G+ venue. Same applies for fully vaccinated people who have had covid in the last 90 days (but more than 28 days ago).
      I think it’s a fair way of doing things, but definitely makes the already complicated 2G+ rules even more complicated.

  6. So in Lower Saxony the Pub I visit can decide to follow the 2G or 2G+ rule. If they only allow 70% capacity then they can follow 2G rules, if they want to use 100% then they have to follow 2G+.
    The problem is you never know what system they are using until you turn up at the Pub.

  7. I was J + J’d in June, I had my booster today.

    I was slightly worried that the doctor said I may have to explain to people that as my app says 2/2, I am boosted. This worries me as a) I am not confident in my German enough to relay this to people and b) a cafe, club or museum visit may become complicated by somebody not understanding how the process works, and we know the people in Germany are pernickety over anything official.

    I wish my fellow 2/2ers the best of luck.

  8. I’ve decided its not worth going to eat out or hit the pool until this nonsense passes. I’m not going to boost my kids. If the vaccine doesn’t prevent infection (seems the case with Omicron) and children between 12-17 have virtually a 0% of getting sick enough to die or even hit the hospital, but have a better chance of having myocarditis, why are we pushing boosters on kids? I got them both vaccinated as the science at the time seem to imply they wouldn’t get infected or infect others. I got my booster as did others in my office. Nonetheless, 2/3 tested positive for COVID last week. Most had no symptoms or very mild ones. Less than a standard cold. Kids vaccinated, tested 3 days a week, and STILL have to wear a mask every day ALL day. When will this madness stop?

  9. Echoes from history. ‘Trust us, we’re the Government. It’s for the greater good.’ Somebody needs to point out to the German Govt ( and it clearly won’t be the EU ) that a democracy is more than just a voting system. A lot more. For one thing , it means Government operating by consent and persuasion. It may be slower, messier and less certain than diktat but that’s democracy.

  10. What I find frustrating is that Germany is (yet again) behind the curve on the science when it comes to getting boosters after an infection. The US CDC and Australia DoH say that people should get boosted as soon as they are symptom-free post-infection. However, Germany still does not let us get boosted until 3 months after infection. So that means for 3 months, more visits to test centers (where we continue to expose ourselves to potentially infected/contagious individuals) as well as coughing up 20€ per extra rapid test in a week if we want to be 2G+ compliant. Is it any surprise that the populous is confused, frustrated and pushing back against everything the government is telling us?

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OPINION AND ANALYSIS

OPINION: How bureaucracy is slowly killing Germany

Germany is struggling so much under the weight of bureaucracy that it would take even more red tape to make things better, writes Jörg Luyken. Is there any hope for the beleaguered Bundesrepublik?

OPINION: How bureaucracy is slowly killing Germany

In the summer of 2022, I attended a Q&A session that Olaf Scholz held with members of the public in the city of Magdeburg. Coming only a few months after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, most of the questions centred on sanctions, energy costs and Berlin’s response to the war.

But the response I found most revealing was on the dull topic of tax reform.

An audience member asked Scholz why the VAT rate on dog food is seven percent but on baby food it is 19 percent. Parts of the system “don’t seem very coherent to me,” the man said with obvious understatement.

READ ALSO: Bureaucracy and high taxes: Why Germany is becoming less attractive for business

“I don’t think you’ll find anyone who understands the list of VAT exceptions,” Scholz replied with a grin, adding that “at any rate I don’t understand it.”

“But I can tell you that all attempts to change it have ended in a massive disaster,” he continued. “If we were to lay an empty table today, we would definitely do differently. But the system is there now and I think we will have to live with it for a while yet.”

It was a fascinating answer. Essentially, Scholz admitted that there are some regulations that are so complex that no one really understands them anymore. But trying to simplify them just isn’t worth the effort.

It reminded me of a story I once heard about Cairo’s famously dysfunctional traffic system.

Legend has it that Egypt invited a group of Japanese planners to come up with a way to fix it. But the Japanese were so befuddled by what they found that they advised the Egyptians to leave things exactly as they were. The system was so confusing that any attempt to tamper with it might only make things worse.

A similar thing could be said of Germany’s regulatory system. It can be contradictory and infuriatingly slow, but open the can of worms of trying to simplify it and you will probably live to regret it.

private pension plans spain

VAT is just one more confusing piece of German bureaucracy. Photo: Mathieu Stern/Unsplash

Summer snow and other oddities of German red tape

VAT serves as a notorious example. But, wherever you look in German life, you will find egregious cases of sprawling and overlapping regulations.

A few amusing examples:

In August 2022, the town of Esslingen in Baden-Württemberg wanted to organise a summer fête to help local restaurants get back on their feet after Covid. The idea was to build temporary food huts that restaurants could rent cheaply. But planning authorities insisted the huts be built to take the weight of heavy snowfall – during a month with average temperatures of 19C. The fête went ahead, but the eventual costs were “exorbitant,” city officials said.

Last winter, the town of Tübingen acted on an appeal from the federal government to cut gas usage. They decided to switch off street lights between 1 am and 5 am, something that would cut energy costs by 10 percent. Shortly afterwards though, they had to backtrack. The measure contravened a regulation on providing light for pedestrians. In the event of an accident they could have been sued.

A landlord in Hanover recently recounted her efforts to turn an empty attic into student housing. Her planning application was first rejected by fire authorities who said that the branches of a tree were blocking an escape route. Their proposal to cut the tree back was then turned down by the city authority for green spaces, which argued that trees form “a vital part of the city scenery” and “must be protected at all costs.”

Flood of new rules

It is not as if politicians aren’t aware that over-regulation is having a stifling effect on society’s ability to function and adapt.

In its coalition agreement, Scholz’ ‘traffic light’ government committed itself to cutting bureaucracy 63 times. There is an entire section in the agreement on how they planned to cut down official paperwork.

READ ALSO: Germany unveils new plan to be more immigrant and digital friendly

But changing such a deep-seated German mentality is a different matter.

In a withering report published in November, the government’s own bureaucracy watchdog, the Normenkontrollrat, concluded that under the current government the costs of bureaucracy “have reached a level that we’ve never seen before.”

Far from cutting back paperwork, the traffic light coalition has loaded companies, administrators and citizens with a whole raft of new rules, the watchdog said. “Ever more regulations have to be observed and implemented in less and less time,” it concluded.

The frustration is being felt most acutely by local administrators, who say that they just don’t have enough staff to cope anymore.

An open letter sent to Scholz by town councils in Baden-Württemberg pleaded that “things can’t go on like this. Ever more laws and regulations, all too often containing mistakes …are simply resulting in an unmanageable flood of tasks.”

Meanwhile, Germany’s revered Mittelstand, or small and medium sized family businesses, has warned that over-regulation is the single biggest threat to their future viability. A survey among middle-sized companies last year showed that they were far more concerned about regulation than energy prices. Other surveys have shown that a majority of companies don’t understand the regulations they are expected to follow, while two thirds say they make no sense.

“Enormous bureaucratic burdens are combining with labour shortages, lengthy administrative procedures, permanently high energy prices and high taxes in a blow to the future of our business location,” warns Marie-Christine Ostermann, head of the association of family business.

READ ALSO: Why German family businesses are desperately seeking buyers

Stuck in the analogue era

For some though, the problem isn’t the regulation itself, it is the fact that there are not enough bureaucrats to deal with it all. After all, they argue, the rules are there to ensure that everyone’s concerns are accounted for.

“An unbureaucratic administration would be a nightmare,” protested economist Georg Cremer in a recent article for Die Zeit. “Sure, there can be too much of a good thing… (but) a prosperous social life is absolutely dependent on the government and administration being bound by law.”

Germany’s welfare system, Cremer points out, requires an army of bureaucrats who assess each claimant’s case based on things like the age of their children and their specific rental needs. “Undoubtedly, the welfare system is over-regulated”, he admits, but we also shouldn’t forget that any attempt to simplify it would make it less fair.

The Deutsche Institut für Wirtschaft, a left-wing economic think tank, has therefore argued that the answer to Germany’s woes is not to strip back regulation, but to employ more staff and push on with the digitisation of key services.

That sounds good in principle. But, when it comes to modernising Germany’s ossified public institutions, it is easier said than done.

A law passed in 2017 obliged local administrations to offer close to 600 of their services online by the end of 2022. A year past that deadline, just 81 of the services have been made available across the country.

The reason for the delays? Local governments are using software that is incompatible with the services developed by the federal government. Meanwhile bureaucrats often display a “grievous” lack of knowledge of how to use a computer, a recent analysis by consumer website Verivox found.

Bürgeramt

A man walks to the Bürgeramt, one of the many centres of German bureaucracy. Photo: picture alliance/dpa | Martin Schutt

A German Javier Milei?

In September of last year, Scholz appeared to have finally recognised that things have gone too far.

Doing a good impression of an anarcho-capitalist then running to be president of Argentina, the chancellor gave a rousing speech to the Bundestag in which he called on the country to unite against the scourge of excessive regulation.

“Only together can we shake off the blight of bureaucracy, risk aversion and despondency that has settled over our country for years and decades,” he said. “It is paralyzing our economy and causing frustration among our people who simply want Germany to function properly.”

Two months later, Scholz announced he had reached a “historic” agreement with the federal states to speed up planning processes and to make life “palpably” easier for German citizens.

The agreement, since praised by the Normenkontrollrat as “having a lot of potential,” will mainly muzzle environmental agencies, thus allowing LNG terminals, wind turbines and motorways to be built through sensitive natural environments.

The jury is still out on whether it will simplify your everyday life.

At the start of this year more new laws came into force, including the government’s now notorious gas heating ban.

One that passed with less attention was a decision to abolish child passports. Under the old system you could take your child to your local Bürgeramt and they would give you a Kinderpass on the spot for €13.

READ ALSO: How Germany can make life easier for foreign parents

Now, all children are required to have proper documents that are valid for six years. The hitch? The passport (which costs €40 and takes six weeks to arrive) is only valid as long as your child’s face remains recognisable.

“The new system makes absolutely no sense for children under six,” the lady at the Bürgeramt told me when I applied for my newborn baby’s first passport this week. “A baby’s face changes so much that you’ll have to get a new one after a year anyway.”

This article originally appeared in The German Review, a twice weekly newsletter full of analysis and opinion on German politics and society. You can sign up to read it here.

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