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LIFE IN SPAIN

NEW LAWS: What changes about life in Spain in January 2022

A new month and the start of a new year bring many changes to laws, taxes, customer rights and other important matters that affect life in Spain. Here are the changes in January 2022 you need to know about.

NEW LAWS: What changes about life in Spain in January 2022
Photo: People walk on the promenade at Barceloneta Beach in Barcelona on New Year's Day 2022. (Photo by Pau BARRENA / AFP)

Better warranties for customers 

From January 2022 consumer goods sold across Spain and the EU will have a mandatory 3-year warranty instead of 2.

One of the markets that will be most affected is that of second-hand cars. 

If you buy a used vehicle in 2022 and it breaks down before a year has passed, it will be the seller who will have to deal with the repair.

The warranty changes benefit consumers because they will be more protected, but it has its negative aspect: goods will be more expensive as companies have to cover the extra costs of having more spare parts and repair capacity.

Changes for self-employed workers  

If you’re an ‘autónomo’ (self-employed worker) in Spain, we’ve got a specific article which details the most important changes you should be aware of that will come into force this year, from imminent tax rises to the financial aid available from regional and national governments.

READ MORE: Self-employed in Spain: the key changes to expect in 2022

Vehicle registration tax

On January 1st 2022, Spain’s Registration Tax will also increase, which will make 40 percent of new vehicles 5 percent more expensive, on average €800 more than in 2021.

Spain’s vehicle registration tax (impuesto de matriculación) is a once-off sum which is paid when you buy a new vehicle, a rate which varies depending on the vehicle’s emissions.

Retirement age changing 

On January 1st 2022, the requirements to be able to access retirement with 100 percent of your Spanish pension have changed. 

To retire at 65 you will have to have made tax contributions for a minimum of 37 years and 6 months. That’s three months more than in 2021, when it was 37 years and 3 months.

If you fall below this requirement, you will have to retire at 66 years and 2 months, if you want to collect a full monthly pension. 

The retirement age will continue to rise until 2027, by which time if you have not contributed a minimum of 38 years and 9 months you will have to retire at 67 years of age.

New Housing Law

Back in October, Spain’s left-wing coalition government agreed on the country’s Housing Budget for 2022 and with it big changes to the country’s property laws.

This includes rental price freezes, a tax on empty homes, more public housing, a €250 monthly rental allowance which you can read about more closely here

The proposed new legislation still has to be approved by the Spanish Cabinet in January 2022 and lots of questions still have to be answered and so far it has received plenty of opposition from right-wing parties PP and VOX.

Public holiday on January 6th 

The second public holiday of the year after New Year’s Day — and the first chance of a long weekend by taking one day of annual leave as a puente (long weekend)— comes on Thursday, January 6th.

Crucially, the Christmas period isn’t over yet as on January 6th Spain celebrates the arrival of the Three Wise Men or Three Kings for Epiphany, which is just as important or arguably more so than Christmas Eve and Day for Spaniards

READ MORE: The public holidays in your region of Spain in 2022

Pets to be considered sentient beings 

In April 2021, the Spanish Parliament pre-approved a measure which enshrined the rights of dogs, cats and other domestic animals as “living beings” which “have feelings” with regards to legal affairs such as divorces or inheritances.

After final approval, this law comes into effect on January 5th 2022. 

The reform “sets out the criteria which the courts must rely on when deciding who to entrust custody of the animal, taking into account its well-being”. 

It will also give pet owners the right to compensation for “moral injury” if their animal is hurt by another person.

READ ALSO: Everything that changes about life in Spain in 2022

No more cold calls at certain hours 

Movistar, Orange, Vodafone and MásMóvil (Euskaltel included) renewed and expanded the Code of Ethics last July, a measure which came into effect on January 1st 2022.

One of the most important changes refers to the hours of sales calls in Spain, agreeing that they will not be made before 9:00 a.m. or after 9:00 p.m. on weekdays, and never on Saturdays, Sundays or public holidays.

Operators will also be discouraged from phoning before 10 a.m. or between 3 p.m. and 4 p.m., they will only be able to call three times per month and if the potential customers aren’t interested they must desist from calling them for at least three months. 

The IPREM rises

The IPREM is an index used in Spain as a reference for granting a variety of social subsidies for people who are struggling to make ends meet.

It’s also a crucial factor for those applying for Spain’s non-lucrative visa, as non-EU nationals who want to move to Spain without a job have to show they have sufficient financial means to not be a burden for the state, with the bar set at 400 percent the IPREM. 

On January 1st 2022 this figure rose to €579.02 ($654 with the current exchange rate) per month, just under €20 more than in 2021 and €50 more than in 2020.

That means that the standard financial requirement for non-lucrative visa applicants is €2,316 ($2,615) per month in 2022.

So a non-EU national wanting to apply for the non-lucrative residency permit for Spain for the first time (it lasts one year) would have to prove they have €27,792 ($31,390), more than €600 than for those who applied in 2021.

Madrid offers better tax rates

Impuestos propios (own taxes) are tariffs applied by regional governments to address matters pertaining to their community which they’re looking to solve. 

These can be taxes on anything from empty homes, to polluting vehicles or gambling.

On September 1st 2021, Madrid’s regional president Isabel Díaz Ayuso made headlines by announcing she would scrap the remaining ‘impuestos propios’ in the region (tax on slot and arcade machines in bars and restaurants and a tax on the storage of waste).

This won’t make a big difference to most people in the Spanish capital but the measure – which came into force on January 1st 2022 – represents the liberal attitude of Madrid’s government and its fiscal incentives.

What will make a difference to 2.5 million of Madrid’s low earners is the drop in income tax (IRPF) in the capital in 2022, where the minimum tax rate will be 8.5 percent for people earning up to €12,450 a year, the lowest tax rate in all of Spain.  

READ MORE: Why you should move to this region in Spain if you want to pay less tax

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HEALTH

EXPLAINED: Spain’s plan to stop the privatisation of public healthcare

Spain’s Health Ministry has announced a new plan aimed at protecting the country's much-loved public healthcare system from its increasing privatisation.

EXPLAINED: Spain's plan to stop the privatisation of public healthcare

In 1997, at the time when former Popular Party leader José María Aznar was Prime Minister of Spain, a law was introduced allowing public health – la sanidad pública in Spanish – to be managed privately.

According to the Health Ministry, this opened the door to a model that has caused “undesirable” consequences in the healthcare system for the past 25 years.

Critics of the privatisation of Spain’s public healthcare argue that it leads to worse quality care for patients, more avoidable deaths, diminished rights for health staff and an overall attitude of putting profits before people, negative consequences that have occurred in the UK since the increased privatisation of the NHS, a 2022 study found

Companies such as Grupo Quirón, Hospiten, HM Hospitales, Ribera Salud and Vithas Sanidad have made millions if not billions by winning government tenders that outsourced healthcare to them.

On May 13th 2024, Spanish Health Minister Mónica García took the first steps to try and rectify this by approving a new law on public management and integrity of the National Health System, which was published for public consultation.

The document sets out the ministry’s intentions to limit “the management of public health services by private for-profit entities” and facilitate “the reversal” of the privatisations that are underway.

It also aims to improve the “transparency, auditing and accountability” in the system that already exists.

The Ministry believes that this model “has not led to an improvement in the health of the population, but rather to the obscene profits of some companies”. 

For this reason, the left-wing Sumar politician wants to “shelve the 1997 law” and “put a stop to the incessant profit” private companies are making from the public health system. 

The Federation of Associations in Defence of Public Health welcomed the news, although they remained sceptical about the way in which the measures would be carried out and how successful they would be.

According to its president, Marciano Sánchez-Bayle, they had already been disappointed with the health law from the previous Ministry under Carolina Darias.

President of the Health Economics Association Anna García-Altés explained: “It is complex to make certain changes to a law. The situation differs quite a bit depending on the region.” She warned, however, that the law change could get quite “messy”.

The Institute for the Development and Integration of Health (IDIS), which brings together private sector companies, had several reservations about the new plan arguing that it would cause “problems for accessibility and care for users of the National Health System who already endure obscene waiting times”.

READ MORE: Waiting lists in Spanish healthcare system hit record levels

“Limiting public-private collaboration in healthcare for ideological reasons, would only generate an increase in health problems for patients,” they concluded.

The way the current model works is that the government pays private healthcare for the referral of surgeries, tests and consultations with specialists. Of the 438 private hospitals operating in Spain, there are more who negotiate with the public system than those that do not (172 compared with 162).

On average, one out of every ten euros of public health spending goes to the private sector, according to the latest data available for 2022. This amount has grown by 17 percent since 2018.

However, the situation is different in different regions across Spain. In Catalonia for example, this figure now exceeds 22 percent, while in Madrid, it’s just 12 percent, according to the Private Health Sector Observatory 2024 published by IDIS.

Between 2021 and 2022, Madrid was the region that increased spending on private healthcare the most (0.7 percent), coinciding with the governance of right-wing leader Isabel Díaz Ayuso, followed by Andalusia (0.6 percent).  

READ MORE: Mass protest demands better healthcare in Madrid

Two years ago, Andalusia signed a new agreement with a chain of private clinics that would help out the public system over the next five years.

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