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ENVIRONMENT

Spanish teenagers make music from recycled junk

Cristina Vazquez, a Roma teen who grew up in a Madrid shantytown, never imagined herself playing the violin. But today she is the first violinist in an inventive orchestra bringing together two dozen other disadvantaged youths, using instruments made from recycled materials.

Cristina Vazquez, 18 years old, member of the
Cristina Vazquez, 18 years old, member of the "Music of Recycling" orchestra, plays violin during a rehearsal in Madrid. OSCAR DEL POZO / AFP

Her violin is made from colourful soda cans, while a string bass has a skateboard for its body, and drums are made from plastic barrels.

The project, dubbed “Music of Recycling”, aims to breathe new life into discarded junk while also benefitting youths from disadvantaged backgrounds.

“I am really happy, because it has changed my life a lot,” said 18-year-old Vazquez, her eyes gleaming.

She hesitantly joined the orchestra at age 12 when it was part of the curriculum at her school in the southern district of Vallecas, one of Madrid’s poorest neighbourhoods.

Today she teaches younger members of the group. “The orchestra has really opened me up to the world… I had never even
gone to the centre of Madrid,” she said.

“I don’t know if I will become a professional musician… but I want to keep giving classes to young children.

“It fills you with pride when a young girl comes up to you and says: ‘When I grow up I want to be like you’.”

Luis Miguel Munoz, 18, credits the orchestra with keeping him on the straight and narrow in a neighbourhood like Vallecas, which has a high school dropout rate.

“Instead of meeting up with friends, I preferred to listen to music, play it, and little by little it became a way of life,” he said.

Members of the “Music of Recycling” orchestra, play music during a rehearsal in Madrid. Photo by OSCAR DEL POZO / AFP

Belonging to an orchestra is like “being in a family, and doing what pleases us most,” said the bleach-blond Munoz, who sports a goatee.

Music “allowed me to escape life’s problems,” said Munoz, who sees himself becoming a professional flamenco percussionist.

The project is run by Spanish environmental group Ecoembes and is inspired by Paraguay’s Cateura orchestra, made up of musicians from a slum who play instruments made from materials found in a rubbish dump.

READ ALSO: Spain to ban plastic packaging for food and vegetables from 2023

After Ecoembes invited the Cateura orchestra to perform in Madrid in 2014, the group decided to found its own similar ensemble that same year, said Víctor Gil, the director of Music of Recycling.

“Why not here? We have social and economic problems,” the Argentinian said.

‘Recyclers of the future’

The ensemble put on its first concert just four months later and “the kids could not play more than four notes,” said Gil, who plays the bass made from a skateboard.

Now after having performed in cities across Spain, “we already have four boys studying in scholarships at music schools and public conservatories,” he added.

Unfortunately, the pandemic has put a temporary halt to performances. A concert planned for last Thursday in Madrid was called off at the last minute because of soaring Covid-19 infections in Spain.

Meanwhile, more than 100 children are taking music classes from members of the orchestra as part of the project.

The instruments are created by luthier Fernando Soler, a third-generation instrument maker, from cans, wooden boxes, cutlery and parts of discarded instruments.

He said he tries to make the instruments as close to their “normal” shape as possible so the children won’t have difficulty playing regular equipment in the future.

Soler hopes he will soon be able to restart his workshops on making instruments, which were suspended because of the coronavirus pandemic. He said his dream is to see one of his pupils become “the luthier of recycling of the future.”

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SPAIN EXPLAINED

MAP: Where in Spain do wolves live?

The Iberian wolf has recovered from near extinction decades ago to become a political issue in recent years, with the population now mainly concentrated in one particular corner of Spain.

MAP: Where in Spain do wolves live?

The Iberian wolf (lobo ibérico) is a subspecies of grey wolf that lives in the Iberian Peninsula. They generally live for 3 to 4 years in the wild, measure 130-180cm long and can weigh up to 50kg.

Historically the Iberian Wolf roamed throughout Spain, but after almost going extinct and becoming a protected species, the population is now concentrated in a specific part of the country.

READ ALSO: Spain’s livestock farmers raise alarm over rise in wolf attacks

Despite the species being on the brink of extinction in the 1970s, the Iberian wolf population has been expanding and in the 21st century can be found mainly in the northwest of Spain. In fact, after recent changes in hunting legislation, wolves have become a controversial topic in recent years.

Map showing Spain’s wolves population decreasing from 1840 until the mid 1990s. Map: EP Data

How many wolves are there in Spain?

It’s hard to say exactly, but the most recent data from the Ministry for Ecological Transition (2012-14) reported 297 wolf packs, of which 278 are exclusive, meaning they are only present only in one Spanish region.

Several environmental bodies put the number of individual wolves in Spain roughly somewhere between 2,000 and 2,500.

Where do the wolves live?

The wolf population in Spain is concentrated in the north and north-west of the country, mainly in Castilla y León, Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias. There are also smaller populations in nearby mountain areas such as the Basque Country, La Rioja, Guadalajara and northern Portugal.

Some of the forested areas in the north of Spain where lobos (wolves) have been spotted in recent years include Sierra de la Demanda, Somiedo, Cadí-Moixeró, Gorbeia, Do Courel, O Invernadeiro, Saja-Besaya, Picos de Europa and Sierra de la Culebra.

In the mountainous areas of northern Andalusia there are also some smaller populations, although they are isolated in the southern sub-plateau and quite rare. Some of these areas include Sierra de Andujar, Despeñaperros, Sierra de Cardeña y Montoro, Sierra de Hornachuelos, Valle de Alcudia and Sierra Madrona, Sierra de Guadarrama and Sierra de Gredos.

Map showing approximate location of wolves across Iberian Peninsula. Source: EP DATA

The north-west really does dominate wolf populations in Spain. In fact, 96 percent of the wolves in Spain are found in Castilla y León, Galicia and Asturias, according to the latest data from Spain’s Ministry of Ecological Transition.

READ ALSO: Spain farmers jailed for illegal water tapping at nature reserve

The region with the biggest Iberian wolf presence is Castilla y León. According to the latest census data, Castilla y León region is home to 179 packs, 163 of which live exclusively in the region.

However, in terms of population density north-east Galicia has the highest density of wolves anywhere in the world, according to a study published in the scientific journal Recursos Naturais reported Europa Press, based on the wolf population there between 2019 and 2020.

The politics of wolves

In Spain in recent years wolves have become somewhat of a controversial political topic. In 2021 the Spanish government took measures to protect the Iberian wolf in Spain by banning its hunting in large parts of the country, including it on a list of species under a Special Protection Regime.

However, farmers in Spain, particularly in the northern regions where wolves are most prevalent, have complained that the ban has led to a spike in attacks on their livestock.

In 2022, farmers across Spain reported 12,898 wolf attacks, a 20 percent increase on the year before, according to farmers’ unions. Many farmers and hunting lobby groups have called for a reversal of the law.

This is not a topic of debate solely in Spain, however. Around Europe too, politicians are weighing the pros and cons of balancing species protection and the impact on farmers and rural communities.

In September of 2023, almost exactly two years after the Spanish legislation was passed, the European Commission president called for a reconsideration of protection rules for wolves around Europe.

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