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LANGUAGE AND CULTURE

Italian word of the day: ‘Paura’

It's scary how versatile this word can be.

Italian word of the day: 'Paura'

On Halloween – or rather All Souls' Day – la paura is a topical word to add to your vocabulary: it means fear or fright.

In Italian you aren't frightened, you 'have fear' (avere paura). You'll also see and hear this phrase as aver paura, minus the final 'e': it means the same thing, it just trips off the tongue a bit more smoothly.

Ho paura dei ragni.
I'm scared of spiders.

Non aver paura.
Don't be afraid.

And you don't frighten someone else, you 'do' or 'put' fear to them (fare/mettere paura a qualcuno).

Mi hai fatto paura!
You scared me!

Volevo solo mettere paura a papà.
I only wanted to scare Dad.

There are all sorts of things you can be frightened of, whether they're really scary (pauroso) or not.

Like causing offence or disappointment, for instance, which polite Italian speakers – just like their anglophone counterparts – sometimes soften by saying “I'm afraid so”.

Ho paura di sì/no.
I'm afraid so/not.

You can also reassure someone else by telling them “no fears” (niente paura), or as we would say in English, “no worries”. 

Niente paura, ci penso io.
No worries, I'll take care of it.

Tutto a posto, niente paura.
Everything's fine, don't worry.

And like in English again – old-fashioned English at least! – calling something “frightful” (da far paura – again, the verb fare drops its 'e') doesn't necessarily mean it's scary: you might just be trying to stress your point.

È magro da far paura.
He's frightfully (i.e. very) thin.

Piove da far paura.
It's raining frightfully (it's pouring).

In fact, frightful can even be a good thing. In Italian slang, especially in Rome, calling something da paura is a compliment: it means “so good it's scary”. Those of us who remember the '90s might translate it as “wicked” or “sick”, but then we'd really be showing our age.

Avevo uno skateboard da paura…
I used to have a sick skateboard…

Ad Halloween facciamo una festa da paura.
For Halloween let's throw one hell of a party.


(Try this one out and see if you get any compliments – or groans – for the pun.)


 
Do you have an Italian word you'd like us to feature? If so, please email us with your suggestion.
 
This article was originally publshed in 2019

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ITALIAN WORD OF THE DAY

Italian expression of the day: ‘A patto che’

Here’s an expression that’ll come handy – as long as you know how to use it.

Italian expression of the day: ‘A patto che’

Whether you’ve just started out on your journey to Italian proficiency or already have a few months, or perhaps years, of learning experience under your belt, you may already be familiar with the word patto as it can frequently be found in Italian news reports, books and films. 

A patto (hear it pronounced here) is the Italian equivalent of the English ‘pact’, meaning a formal agreement between two or more parties. 

But what do Italians mean when they drop the word between the preposition a and the conjunction che, forming the phrase a patto che?

A patto che is one of the most commonly used Italian phrases to express that a certain thing will only happen (or be allowed to happen) if one or more conditions are met. 

Its literal English translation would be ‘on condition that’, but it’s far more frequently translated as ‘as long as’, ‘provided that’, or simply ‘if’.

Ti lascio andare alla festa solo a patto che tu finisca tutti i tuoi compiti.

I’ll let you go to the party only if you finish all of your homework.

Non ho nessun problema a visitare i tuoi genitori, a patto che non restiamo la’ tutto il weekend.

I have no problem visiting your parents as long as we don’t spend the entire weekend there.

A patto che is a fairly satisfying expression to use (if only for the joy of setting down a marker and stating the things you’re not willing to compromise on) but it does come with a downside.

As you may have seen from the above examples, it’s one of those expressions that requires the use of the Italian subjunctive (or congiuntivo), which isn’t exactly the easiest tense to learn.

Sono pronto a dirti il mio segreto, a patto che tu mi dica prima [second person singular of the subjunctive form of the verb dire, or ‘tell’] il tuo.

I’m willing to tell you my secret, provided that you tell me yours first.

But if you’re still unsure about your Italian subjunctive skills, don’t worry: in most cases, you’ll be able to use se (‘if’) – and the relevant present tense form – instead of a patto che

Sono pronto a dirti il mio segreto se tu mi dici prima il tuo.

I’m willing to tell you my secret if you tell me yours first.

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