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EDUCATION

‘The first week back at school in Italy went well – then came the elections and strikes’

The first week after schools reopened in Italy passed without major incident for Verona-based writer Richard Hough and his family. But it wasn't quite the end of home-schooling.

'The first week back at school in Italy went well - then came the elections and strikes'
A parent consults notices outside a school in Rome. Photo. Vincenzo Pinto/AFP
The first week back at school in seven months passed in good health and free from major incident. That, I guess, is as good as we could have hoped for.
 
In truth, our rientro (re-entry), as the Italians like to call it, went exceedingly well, especially for our youngest, for whom we were most concerned. He seems to be settling in nicely and looks forward to going to school each morning.
 
 
His school, a small village elementare (primary), also seems to be coping, in what must be extraordinarily difficult circumstances for teachers, staff and administrators. For the moment, they have struck just the right balance between providing necessary updates and avoiding information overload; no easy feat considering the plethora of ever-evolving regulations, guidelines and forms in circulation.
 
Photo: AFP
 
The little fella has taken to sneaking (I hesitate to use the word stealing) leftover items from merenda (snack-time) into his school bag and bringing them home with him, generally a piece of hard bread, but also a banana or a tub of yoghurt. On reflection it seems to be an extension of his nursery school habit of bringing home assorted sticks and stones that he’d found in the playground. God knows what he’ll be pilfering by the time he goes to high school!
 
Of course, for our eldest the second year of scuola media (middle school) hasn’t proved quite so appealing, but that, I suppose, is to be expected. The prospect of ‘double maths’ on your first day back at school after seven months was surely someone’s idea of a bad joke. By midweek, his bag weighed in at 10kgs, which must be some kind of breach of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child!
 
More generally, my impression is that the situation in our corner of Italy has been handled as well as can be expected.
 
The instructions, when they finally came, were clear and practicable. Each child was issued with a packet of disposable masks and is required to wash their hands before they enter the school building. Entry and exit is staggered to avoid overcrowding inside and outside the gates, and parents have been asked to sign a ‘pact’ with the school, agreeing to comply with a list of Covid-related rules.
 
 
There have, of course, been some snags.
 
The local newspaper reported that one child fainted in class while wearing a mask. It was exceedingly hot in Verona last week and asking very small children to wear masks for prolonged periods of time is clearly not without its risks.
 
One little girl we know developed a fever the day before she was due to start primary one. She and her mother went through the isolation and testing procedure and, when the test came back negative, she was able to go to school, just four days behind schedule. There have been queues for testing at the local testing centre but so far, the system seems to be coping.
 
 
There were also predictable scenes of serious overcrowding on the city’s buses, as children travelled from their homes in the suburbs to schools in the city centre. Cycling has been touted as a solution to this problem, but few parents would allow their child to cycle on the busy city roads. As a keen cyclist myself, I know how dangerous they can be. So, it hasn’t been perfect, but I don’t think anyone was expecting it to be.
 
You’d think that with that tricky first week successfully navigated, we could press on, full steam ahead, and make up for some of that lost time.
 
If only.
 
On Sunday and Monday, regional elections and a constitutional referendum took place across Italy. The schools were used as polling stations, which meant they were closed to pupils Monday and Tuesday.
 
And late last Friday afternoon, we received notification that a strike was scheduled for Thursday and Friday this week.
 
With these, you never know what is going to happen happen until the very last moment, but we must assume that there will be no teaching.
 
So, for parents, teachers and pupils, this may well be a one-day week. We haven’t seen the back of home-schooling yet!
 
Richard Hough has lived in Verona since September 2011 and writes about the region’s history, football, wine and culture. His first book, Notes from Verona, a short collection of diary entries from inside locked down Italy, is available here. He is currently researching his next book about wartime Verona.
 

 

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HEALTH

Pregnancy in Italy: What are all the tests you’ll need to have?

Italy’s healthcare system offers tons of free testing during pregnancy, but how many tests are there exactly, and are they free of charge? Here’s what to expect and when.

Pregnancy in Italy: What are all the tests you'll need to have?

Expecting a baby can be an anxiety-inducing experience, no doubt. Fortunately, Italy is rightfully famous for its healthcare system, which produces some of the world’s best maternal health outcomes.

Part of the secret to that success is a robust schedule of testing that residents can access for free as part of their pregnancy.

In fact, the amount of testing offered during pregnancy in Italy can be surprising to those who aren’t familiar with the Italian health service.

Here’s what to expect:

Getting started: the first appointment (6-11 weeks)

Before you can get any testing done, you will need to arrange for a first appointment with an obstetrician via a local hospital, private clinic, or family counselling center.

In the early stages, your pregnancy will be dated to the first day of your last menstruation, so be prepared to provide that date a lot. It will be included on all your paperwork as you go from provider to provider.

READ ALSO: Pregnancy in Italy: What are the options for public or private healthcare?

Your first appointment should generally be scheduled after the sixth week of pregnancy, so that the fetus is clearly visible on an ultrasound, and ideally before 11 weeks. Because there are sometimes delays in securing appointments, it makes sense to plan ahead as much as possible.

At this first appointment, you’ll get a general orientation to the process laid out below and be scheduled for future check-ups. You’ll get a basic physical and they’ll take a full medical history.

Then, you’ll be scheduled for your first battery of tests to establish a baseline of health and confirm your pregnancy.

On the first visit, or shortly thereafter, you’ll receive the following tests free of charge:

  • A first ultrasound to confirm your pregnancy and determine the age of the fetus;
  • A Pap (smear) test, if one has not been performed in the last three years;
  • A series of blood tests to check for blood type, blood sugar, red cell antibodies (the Coombs test), rubella, toxoplasmosis, syphilis and HIV; and
  • A urine test.

If you’re deemed at risk for Hepatitis C, chlamydia or gonorrhea, you may also receive tests for these as well.

The Bi-Test (11-14 weeks)

Starting at 11 weeks, you’ll be eligible for the so-called Bi-Test or Combined Test, which screens for common genetic and developmental disorders.

Until 2017, this test was only free for women over 35, but it’s since been made a standard part of pregnancy health screening in Italy.

A midwife monitoring a pregnant woman. (Photo by MYCHELE DANIAU / AFP)

The non-invasive test involves an additional blood sample and ultrasound between 11 and 14 weeks that checks for abnormalities in the fluid beneath the fetus’ neck.

Because the test is only about 92 percent accurate, if it detects any issues, your physician will refer you for follow-up testing — either non-invasive DNA testing, which is more accurate, or an invasive amniocentesis procedure, which samples a small amount of cells from your amniotic fluid and provides a definitive positive or negative result.

READ ALSO: 15 practical tips for pregnancy in Italy

If you miss the window for the bi-test, there’s an optional non-invasive blood test known as the tri-test, available from the third trimester, that can screen for the same issues. It also tests for neural tube defects, another common disorder.

These tests are optional but are covered by the national health service. In practice though, whether you can access this test for free depends on whether there is a trained, public technician in your area.

In some regions, only the invasive tests can be performed in the public system.

Regular checkups

After these initial tests, you’ll be scheduled for regular checkups every month to 40 days. At these checkups, you’ll receive a basic physical and blood pressure check and your doctor may listen for the fetus’ heartbeat.

You’ll also be regularly tested for toxoplasmosis, rubella, and your blood glucose levels, so be prepared to roll up your sleeves a lot.

Photo by National Cancer Institute on Unsplash

Sometime between 24 and 28 weeks, you’ll receive another urine test, and at 28 weeks, you’ll be scheduled for another round of the Coombs test, which checks for red cell antibodies.

All of these tests are simply part of ensuring your health and that of the baby is ideal as you head into the later stages of pregnancy.

Depending on your hospital or physician, you may also receive additional ultrasounds during this period. Most Italian women report receiving an average of 4 to 5 ultrasounds over the course of the pregnancy, despite only two being required by law.

Second ultrasound (19-21 weeks)

At minimum, your second ultrasound should occur between 19 and 21 weeks, and this is the big one — your fetus should be looking like a baby and you are likely to be able to determine the sex.

If you don’t want to know the sex of the baby, you should speak to your gynecologist in advance. They can withhold the information, or even provide it in a sealed envelope to a trusted friend if you are planning on organizing a reveal.

Third trimester: Tests, tests, and more tests

By the 28th week, you may be recommended for a follow-up ultrasound if your doctor has any concerns about the baby’s development.

You’ll also receive another blood test, including a Coombs test, and will be scheduled for tests for toxoplasmosis, Hepatitis B, HIV, syphilis, and vaginal streptococcus, to occur sometime between 33 and 38 weeks.

Lastly, you’ll also be required to do another urine sample between 33 and 38 weeks, to ensure you won’t have a urinary tract infection at the time of delivery.

More tests?

The above is just a baseline — your doctor may order additional tests if they are concerned about any aspect of you or your baby’s health.

If anything goes wrong with your pregnancy, you may be referred to specialist care. This should all be free of charge, so long as they are requested by a physician in the public system. (If you opt for private care, you may be required to pay fees for these same services.)

After delivery

The Italian national health service also covers postpartum care, including psychiatric screening and postpartum counselling. If you are experiencing signs of postpartum depression, it’s worth talking to your doctor about referrals to this care.

The cost of birthing and parenting courses are also covered by the government, so ask your physician about what is available in your area.

READ ALSO: Who can register for national healthcare in Italy?

All these tests are available free of charge to EU citizens regardless of whether or not they have an Italian health card (tessera sanitaria). Any non-EU citizens with a long-stay visa (permesso di soggiorno) may access them also with referral from a physician.

If you do not have a visa or are undocumented, you can access many of these services via a local family counselling center (consultorio familiare), which are obligated by law to provide care to all women irrespective of immigration status.

Keep in mind that if you opt for a private gynecologist or pregnancy clinic, you may have to pay extra for tests available for free from public hospitals. Price lists are rarely posted online, so do your research before choosing a provider.

For more information about healthcare during pregnancy in Italy, see the health ministry’s official website here.

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