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Brexit: Do I need health insurance to get residency in France?

As British residents in France begin to make their residency applications, one question that crops up again and again is health insurance.

Published: 17 July 2020 16:06 CEST
Updated: 18 December 2020 10:51 CET

Brexit: Do I need health insurance to get residency in France?

The situation around health insurance has caused some concern. Photo: AFP

British people who are resident in France before December 31st 2020 all have to apply for residency under the Brexit Withdrawal Agreement.

The online process to make applications is now up and running, although the final deadline for applications is not until June 2021.

EXPLAINED This is how the new carte de séjour residency process works for Brits in France

And one question that The Local has been asked repeatedly is whether people need private health insurance, known as a mutuelle in France, in order to successfully apply.

So let's take a look at the rules.

Different groups of people are required to provide different information when they make their residency applications and people who have been here for more than five years do not need to provide detailed financial information or proof of health cover.

However if you have been here for less than five years, and you are not working, you will need to prove that you have sufficient resources to support yourself, and also proof that you have health coverage.

However, this does not necessarily have to be private health cover.

If you are already registered within the French health system and have a carte vitale health card, that is considered sufficient health cover.

If you fall under the S1 scheme (which covers pensioners, posted workers and people with certain disabilities) whereby the UK covers your healthcare costs then this will continue and this too is sufficient proof of health cover.

The French state healthcare system is known as assurance maladie, which literally translates as 'health insurance'. That translation has been the cause of confusion to some British people, for whom health insurance generally means private cover in addition to a state system.

But if a French form is asking you about assurance maladie, then you can give details of your carte vitale and registration within the French system as your response.

So do you need a mutuelle at all?

The French state system is a reimbursement one – once you are registered within the system you pay upfront at the doctor, hospital or pharmacy for any appointments, treatments or medication that you receive.

You then swipe your carte vitale and a portion of the cost is reimbursed into your bank account.

Exactly how much is reimbursed varies depending on the type of treatment, but it is generally around 80 percent.

To cover the final portion of the cost, many people in France have a top-up policy known as a mutuelle which reimburses the rest of the cost. However these are not compulsory.

If you are an employee your employer is required to pay at least half of the cost of this, but they are generally cheaper than health insurance policies in the UK.

Find out more about how mutuelles work HERE.

What about people who move after December 31st?

This is a different story because the Withdrawal Agreement only applies to people who move here before the end of the transition period – which is December 31st, 2020.

Exactly what the deal will be for people who want to move after that we still don't know.

But if the same or similar rules are applied to Brits as to people from other non EU countries such as American and Australia then this will necessitate visas which often ask for proof of complete health cover on private health insurance plans, which can be pricey for people who are older or have long-term illnesses.

Here's what we know so far about moving to France from 2021.

For more information about residency, healthcare, travel, pets and driving, head to our Preparing for Brexit section.

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'I feel exiled': How Brits in Europe are locked abroad with foreign partners

Europe is home to hundreds of thousands of British nationals, many of whom have foreign partners and children. But if they want to move to the UK to live and work it will soon become more difficult.

When it comes to getting a partner visa, the UK has some of the strictest rules in Europe. In addition to hefty fees and a healthcare surcharge, the Home Office requires British citizens and long-term residents who bring their foreign partner to the UK to have a minimum income showing they can support them without relying on the social security system.

The minimum income up until now was set at £18,600 (€21,700), or £22,400 (€26,100) if the couple had one child, plus another £2,400 (€2,800) for each other child.

But these income requirements will rise steeply from April 11th 2024.

How it works: What Brits in Europe should know about UK’s new minimum income rules

From this date the minimum a British national or long-term resident will need to earn if they want to return home will increase to £29,000 (€33,800) and up to £38,000 (€44,313) by spring 2025, although there will no longer be an additional amount for accompanying children.

Alternatively, families need to prove they have at least £62,500 (€72,884) in cash, which from 11 April will increase to £88,500 (€103,207).

‘Family life has been destroyed’

To put this in context the Migration Observatory at the University of Oxford suggests that around 50 percent of UK employees earn less than the £29,000 threshold and 70 percent less than £38,700. The Observatory also says that while the number of people affected by the policy is small compared to the overall UK immigration (family visas represent 5 percent of all entry visas), the impacts on concerned families can be “very significant”.

The Migration Observatory notes that other European countries apply income thresholds to sponsor foreign partners. Spain, for instance, requires sponsors to have an annual income equal to the social security salary. In Denmark, sponsors must not have claimed social benefits in the three years before the application. But in Spain and the US, the partner’s foreign income also counts towards the threshold.

So what does this mean for mixed British and international families living in Europe who might want or even need to return to the UK to live?

Campaigners have complained that many Britons with foreign partners have simply been “locked abroad” or families have been separated while they try to meet the minimum income or savings requirement.

Reunite Families UK, a non-profit organisation supporting people affected by the UK spouse visa rules, says this policy causes distress, especially for children.

Some 65 percent of respondents in research carried out by the group said that their child received a diagnosis of a mental health condition due to the separation of their parents.

“Since its introduction, this policy has destroyed the family life of countless people and children,” Matteo Besana, Advocacy and Campaigns Manager at Reunite Families UK said.

“Women have been forced to become single parents to their children and live away from their partner and the father of their children only because they didn’t meet the threshold.

“As shown by our research on the mental health impact of the policy, these are scars that, particularly for children, will be carried for the rest of their lives,” Besana said.

The people most likely to be affected are women, who tend to earn less or not work because they took on caring responsibilities. Also heavily impacted are people under 30 and over 50 years of age, people living outside London and the Southeast of England where wages are higher, and those belonging to specific ethnicities, according to the Migration Observatory.

The Local spoke to two British women, in Italy and Sweden, struggling to return to the UK with their families because of these rules.

More savings needed

Sarah Douglas, who has been living in Italy since 2007, was planning to return to Scotland with her Italian husband and three children.

“It was always our long-term goal to move back to the UK after we had our children and once we’d have saved enough to buy a home in the UK,” she said.

“In hindsight, we should have gone after the Brexit referendum, but in the beginning it wasn’t clear what the final deal would be and I naively assumed that situations like mine would be taken into account and we would have the right to return… Once it did become clear, we were in the middle of the pandemic and it wasn’t the time to move,” she said.

Having stayed home to take care of the children, Sarah will find it hard to land a job near her family in Scotland that meets the minimum income required to sponsor a foreign partner for a UK visa.

Her husband, a computer programmer, has been trying to get an employment visa, “but most of them state that you must already have permission to work in the UK,” Sarah says. And applying for British citizenship is not an option for a non-UK resident spouse.

‘People need to be aware’

Sarah and her husband are trying to save as much as they can, an alternative to the income requirement, but the amount they need is rising to almost £90,000, meaning it may be a long time before they have enough to move home.

While the aim of the UK’s policy is to ensure families moving to the UK are not a burden on the taxpayer, the reality is that people arriving on a family visa are not able to claim any benefits from the UK government.

“They should judge the overall financial viability of the family unit, rather than just the earning potential of the sponsoring partner,” Sarah says.

“We could live well with my husband’s salary and he could work remotely. We are stable and financially secure, but because I don’t earn any money, they say we are not able to support ourselves.”

Sarah says that most of the British public are unaware of the minimum income requirement.

“People think if you are married, your husband is allowed to come to the UK, but when I say no, it doesn’t work like that, they are really surprised. A lot of people are not aware of how this could affect them,” she said.

Looking for a job from abroad

Another British women who lives in Sweden with her South African husband and two children and plans to move to the UK told The Local how the minimum income requirement had put them in a “precarious and stressful situation”.

The woman, who preferred to remain anonymous said: “After having the two children, I was very fortunate to find a research position and do my PhD, which is a salaried position in Scandinavia, and now that I finished, we are looking to leave.

“But I need a job in the UK to sponsor my husband, and as a new graduate with limited work experience, it is not easy. It is even more difficult when you are not in the country and I missed out on opportunities because they wanted an immediate start. I really don’t want to move without my whole family,” she said.

She says the UK’s policy is “gendered and geographically discriminatory” because it makes life harder for women and also harder for anyone who is planning to move to a part of the country that isn’t in London, where salaries are higher.

“I feel exiled from my country and separated from my family there,” she said.

Her husband, she argues, has his own company and could continue working remotely from the UK, earning well above the requirement. He would also pay taxes and national insurance while having to pay the healthcare surcharge, a form of double taxation, she argues. But that would not entitle him to a visa.

“Our house is on the market now. We have booked removal companies for the 6th of June. The dog is booked for his transport. I just think this policy is so out of touch with the modern world,” she said.

Reunite Families UK has called on the government to recognise the right for British or settled citizens to bring their close family members to the UK and scrap the minimum income requirement. Alternatively, the group says the rules should take into consideration the earning potential of both partners and consider “the best interests of children”.

A petition on the UK parliament website asks the government to reconsider the minimum income policy. If it reaches 100,000 signatures, it will have to be debated in parliament.

This article has been produced by Europe Street news.

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