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OPINION AND ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS: Why it might be time to thank the Gilets Jaunes for France’s strong economy

Economic growth in France is now stronger than Germany and - ironically - it might be thanks to the Gilets Jaunes, writes John Lichfield.

ANALYSIS: Why it might be time to thank the Gilets Jaunes for France's strong economy
The Gilets Jaunes caused plenty of damage, but may have inadvertently strengthened the French economy. Photo: AFP

Forget the doom-mongers and nay-sayers (as Boris Johnson might say). France is booming.

OK. D’accord. France is not precisely booming. Some parts of France and some French people are still struggling.

All the same, the growth figures for the third quarter released on October 30th exceeded expectations at 0.3 percent. Annual growth is now likely to be 1.4 or 1.5 percent, a little down on 2018 but well above Germany which may have tipped into a recession (after two quarters of economic decline.)

READ ALSO France's unemployment rate falls to new 10-year low


Unemployment is at its lowest level for a decade. Photo: AFP

French unemployment is now the lowest in a decade at 8.2 percent and still falling. Jobs are being created in large numbers. Many of them are “real jobs” – in other words permanent contracts or contrats à durée indéterminée (CDI), not temporary jobs or state-subsidised jobs.

Who deserves the credit for this comparative French boom?

Emmanuel Macron and the Gilets Jaunes.

France is doing better than Germany partly because the French are spending more money on everything from food to cars. Why is domestic consumption rising? Partly because President Macron – against his original instincts and intentions –  injected over €10 billion in tax and other concessions for low and medium earners directly into the economic bloodstream last winter and spring.

Why did he do that? To quell the original Gilets Jaunes rebellion which started almost exactly one year ago.

Say “merci” to the Gilets Jaunes, Monsieur Macron.  Actually, he already did – sort of.

The French economy is also humming because internal investment is strong. Why? Because business is confident that Macron's labour and other reforms are taking the country in right direction.

The leap in job creation is linked partly to Macron’s changes in French labour law, which started under President François Hollande (at Macron’s urging).

Employers are more willing to offer full-time jobs because it is easier for them to end contracts if necessary.

This is not the narrative of Macron-imposed woe told by the original, provincial yellow vests, whose numbers have greatly declined since March. It jars with the dark portrait of a “suffering” or “oppressed” France still painted each Saturday by the persisting, hard-left-oriented Gilets Jaune and their foreign fans of hard left and hard right.

Say “merci” to nice President Macron, Gilets Jaunes. Not much chance of that.

READ ALSO ANALYSIS Why pension reform in France always spells trouble


Macron spent some time listening to the concerns raised by protesters and local mayors after the Gilets Jaunes protests. Photo: AFP

The relative French boom is, admittedly, patchy. There are even patches within the patches.

Unemployment among the young (25 or less) remains stubbornly high. Not all regions are doing well even if some areas which have suffered economically for decades are beginning to recover.

As a senior minister ruefully admitted last week, the jobs bonanza is mostly concentrated in the thriving metropolitan areas. It has not yet reached the peripheral, small town or hard-scrabble, outer-suburban France where the original Gilet Jaune rebellion began in October-November last year.

There are, however, exceptions to this exception. The north of France – the long-depressed, ex-mining and industrial area around Lille and Calais – is creating jobs more rapidly than the country as a whole. Unemployment in the Nord and Pas de Calais départements has fallen by over 5 percent in a year – more than double the rate nationwide. It still remains miserably high, at over 10 percent.

Interestingly, many of the new jobs in the north – in services, transport and construction – are going to people in their 50s  who have been unemployed for many years.

Several factors explain the relative health of the French economy as a whole. France is strong in financial and other services which have been less affected by the global trade recession than physical goods (which accounts for Germany’s troubles).

The French official statistics office INSEE links the better than expected performance in the third quarter (July-September) to a 0.3 per cent jump in household spending. This in turn, says INSEE, is explained by the extra purchasing power generated by Macron’s concessions to the Gilets Jaunes, including tax cuts for the lower paid and a state-subsidised bonus for many people on the SMIC (minimum wage).


French employment minister Muriel Pénicaud. Photo: AFP

This may be a temporary boost. The effects of Macron’s changes in French labour law and other reforms should be  permanent. The OECD now says that Macron’s target of 7 per cent unemployment by the end of his mandate in 2022 is “not impossible”.

Macron reforms have made long-term contracts more attractive to employers by, inter alia, limiting the cost of early or unfair dismissal. They also made short-term contracts more costly to bosses and changed tax and benefit rules to make low-paid work more attractive than welfare.

France, according to the OECD, now has less rigid labour laws than Germany. The employment minister, Muriel Pénicaud told the Financial Times this week: “Many jobs, particularly permanent ones, have been created because companies, especially small ones, are no longer afraid to hire”.

Several problems remain. Over 2,400,000 people are still out of work. There are 400,000 vacant jobs because unemployed people do not always have the right skills or because benefits can still be more attractive.

The North apart, most new jobs are being created in the booming Metropolitan areas such as of Paris, Toulouse, Grenoble, Bordeaux and Montpellier.  Well-paid jobs remain scarce in the hundreds of declining rural towns where the Gilets Jaunes revolt began. That is a problem which needs to be addressed, urgently.

All the same, this week’s figures provide a welcome antidote to nonsense about a “suffering” France beset by weekly riots which is still systematically spread online.

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OPINION AND ANALYSIS

OPINION: Why Germans’ famed efficiency makes the country less efficient

Germans are famous for their love of efficiency - and impatience that comes with it. But this desire for getting things done as quickly as possible can backfire, whether at the supermarket or in national politics, writes Brian Melican.

OPINION: Why Germans' famed efficiency makes the country less efficient

A story about a new wave of “check-outs for chatting” caught my eye recently. In a country whose no-nonsense, “Move it or lose it, lady!” approach to supermarket till-staffing can reduce the uninitiated to tears, the idea of introducing a slow lane with a cashier who won’t sigh aggressively or bark at you for trying to strike up conversation is somewhere between quietly subversive and positively revolutionary – and got me thinking.

Why is it that German supermarket check-outs are so hectic in the first place?

READ ALSO: German supermarkets fight loneliness with slower check outs for chatting

If you talk to people here about it – other Germans, long-term foreign residents, and keen observers on shorter visits – you’ll hear a few theories.

One is that Germans tend to shop daily on the way home from work, and so place a higher premium on brisk service than countries where a weekly shop is more common; and it is indeed a well-researched fact that German supermarket shopping patterns are higher-frequency than in many comparable countries.

Bavarian supermarket

A sign at a now-famous supermarket in Bavaria advertises a special counter saying “Here you can have a chat”. Photo: picture alliance/dpa | Karl-Josef Hildenbrand

Another theory is that, in many parts of the country (such as Bavaria), supermarket opening hours are so short that there is no other way for everyone to get their shopping done than to keep things ticking along at a good old clip.

The most simple (and immediately plausible) explanation, of course, is that supermarkets like to keep both staffing and queuing to a minimum: short-staffing means lower costs, while shorter queues make for fewer abandoned trolleys.

German love of efficiency

Those in the know say that most store chains do indeed set average numbers of articles per minute which their cashiers are required to scan – and that this number is higher at certain discounters notorious for their hard-nosed attitude.

Beyond businesses’ penny-pinching, fast-lane tills are a demonstration of the broader German love of efficiency: after all, customers wouldn’t put up with being given the bum’s rush if there weren’t a cultural premium placed on smooth and speedy operations.

Then again, as many observers not yet blind to the oddness of Germany’s daily ‘Supermarket Sweep’ immediately notice, the race to get purchases over the till at the highest possible rate is wholly counter-productive: once scanned, the items pile up faster than even the best-organised couple can stow away, leaving an embarrassing, sweat-inducing lull – and then, while people in the queue roll their eyes and huff, a race to pay (usually in cash, natch’).

In a way, it’s similar to Germany’s famed autobahns, on which there is theoretically no speed limit and on which some drivers do indeed race ahead – into traffic jams often caused by excessive velocity.

Yes, it is a classic case of more haste, less speed. We think we’re doing something faster, but actually our impatience is proving counterproductive.

German impatience

This is, in my view, the crux of the issue: Germans are a hasty bunch. Indeed, research shows that we have less patience than comparable European populations – especially in retail situations. Yes, impatience is one of our defining national characteristics – and, as I pointed out during last summer’s rail meltdown, it is one of our enduring national tragedies that we are at once impatient and badly organised.

As well as at the tills and on the roads, you can observe German impatience in any queue (which we try to jump) and generally any other situation in which we are expected to wait.

Think back to early 2021, for instance, when the three-month UK-EU vaccine gap caused something approaching a national breakdown here, and the Health Minister was pressured into buying extra doses outside of the European framework.

This infuriated our neighbours and deprived developing countries of much-needed jabs – which, predictably, ended up arriving after the scheduled ones, leaving us with a glut of vaccines which, that very autumn, had to be destroyed.

A health worker prepares a syringe with the Comirnaty Covid-19 vaccine by Biontech-Pfizer. Photo: John MACDOUGALL / AFP

Now, you can see the same phenomenon with heating legislation: frustrated by the slow pace of change, Minister for Energy and the Economy Robert Habeck intended to force property owners to switch their heating systems to low-carbon alternatives within the next few years.

The fact that the supply of said alternatives is nowhere near sufficient – and that there are too few heating engineers to fit them – got lost in the haste…

The positive side of impatience

This example does, however, reveal one strongly positive side of our national impatience: if well- directed, it can create a sense of urgency about tackling thorny issues. Habeck is wrong to force the switch on an arbitrary timescale – but he is right to try and get things moving.

In most advanced economies, buildings are responsible for anything up to 40 percent of carbon emissions and, while major industrials have actually been cutting their CO2 output for decades now, the built environment has hardly seen any real improvements.

Ideally, a sensible compromise will be reached which sets out an ambitious direction of travel – and gets companies to start expanding capacity accordingly, upping output and increasing the number of systems which can be replaced later down the line. Less haste now, more speed later.

The same is true of our defence policy, which – after several directionless decades – is now being remodelled with impressive single-mindedness by a visibly impatient Boris Pistorius.

As for the check-outs for chatting, I’m not sure they’ll catch on. However counterproductive speed at the till may be, I just don’t see a large number of us being happy to sacrifice the illusion of rapidity so that a lonely old biddy can have a chinwag. Not that we are the heartless automatons that makes us sound like: Germany is actually a very chatty country.

It’s just that there’s a time and a place for it: at the weekly farmer’s markets, for instance, or at the bus stop. The latter is the ideal place to get Germans talking, by the way: just start with “About bloody time the bus got here, eh?” So langsam könnte der Bus ja kommen, wie ich finde…

READ ALSO: 7 places where you can actually make small talk with Germans

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