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How the Stasi failed to silence Rolling Stones fans in East Germany

The little known tragedy of the 1969 rumoured Rolling Stones concert captures both the East Germans’ determination for freedom of expression, and the horrors of life under the Stasi.

How the Stasi failed to silence Rolling Stones fans in East Germany
The Rolling Stones performing at the Hague in 1967. Wikimedia/Nationaal Archief NL

In the 40 years of the GDR, East Germans created a unique culture which is often remembered with a quirky sense of nostagia, or “Ostalgie” (the German term for a longing for lost aspects of life in East Germany). 

READ ALSO: East Germany – 10 things you never knew about the GDR

However it is important that we acknowledge and remember the more unpleasant aspects of life in East Germany as we approach the 30th anniversary of the Mauerfall (Berlin Wall fall), such as isolation, censorship and the presence of the Stasi (the East German secret police).

How did the Stones become so popular in the GDR?

In a country where British music was only available to buy on the black market at staggering prices, and Western songs were strictly limited on the radio, it may seem surprising that the Rolling Stones achieved such popularity in East Germany. 

The British rock band were firmly on the banned list at East German radio stations, as “beat music” was considered by the authorities as subversive. However, this only fuelled young East Germans’ desire to seek out Rolling Stones' records, whatever the cost, and illegally tune into West German radio to hear them play.

Günter Schneidewind, host of the GDR youth radio station DT64, explained that the Rolling Stones captured a spirit of freedom which was irresistible to East German youth. 

The Rolling Stones are still going strong, performing a concert in the USA this year. Photo: DPA

“They had provided a sense of upbeat get-up-and-go which was unparalleled in post-war East Germany. They simply threw overboard the things that were being preached in schools and official places”.

“The Stones had long hair, they made extremely loud music and they even made a lot of money with that – it was clear that young people idealized them,” Schneidewind said. “The official youth ideals in the GDR were based on socialist morals and ethics and were posted in each and every class room. This was completely the opposite of what the Stones were about”. 

However as Schneidewind points out, “authorities saw a real danger that young people might get rebellious,” with the GDR government fearing that a growing love for rock and pop would “stir the already simmering discontent of young people”.

READ MORE: 10 surprising uses of English in former East Germany

How did the GDR Government respond to young people’s love for the Rolling Stones?

Once East German leaders began to fear that Western music could steer young people towards Western politics, they put their minds to creating their own, state-approved version of youth culture. 

Jürgen Breski, an Ex-Stasi officer who was ordered to monitor and infiltrate the punk scene, explained to the BBC that the authorities “wanted to bring a kind of socialist lifestyle to the people, so we tried to combat anything that didn't belong to that. The aim was to control 'the scene' as it expanded, and to stop it from becoming too well known”.

The “Lipsi” was a dance created as a politically correct alternative to dancing influenced by rock and roll. David Byrne, lead singer of American rock band Talking Heads, described it as “a weird sexless popular dance that the government attempted to insert into popular culture as a kind of immunisation against Elvis’s rock-and-roll gyrations”. 

Dagmar Hovestaedt, a senior figure at the BStU (The Stasi Records Agency), who investigates the archives of the East German Secret Police, told the BBC that, “the older generation, the war generation, was aghast at what youth was doing. But you can't organize a youth culture, that's not how it works”.

Did The Rolling Stones really plan a concert in East Germany?

It was widely believed across the GDR that on October 7th 1969, a National Holiday to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the country, the Rolling Stones would perform a concert for East Berlin. However this was simply a rumour, started as the result of a throwaway comment by a radio DJ. 

On RIAS, a West Berlin station that many in East Berlin tuned in to, a DJ casually expressed the notion: Imagine, if the new publishing house built by entrepreneur Axel Springer in the West, right next to the Wall, staged a concert featuring the Stones on its roof so Easterners could come and listen too.

The comment quickly became rumour, then it turned into widely believed fact. Thousands expected the Rolling Stones to play and some East German roads were even chalked with slogans instructing fans to come to Berlin for the show.

We know this through Stasi photographs and reports which detail how they tracked down and arrested those who chalked the messages. 

READ ALSO: Why Germany will never forget the Stasi era of mass surveillance

Though the Stones never appeared in Berlin on the day, hundreds of their fans did, as well as the GDR authorities. They arrested and beat up those in the crowd as they moved towards the Brandenburg Gate. The BBC reports that in particular cases, teenagers were arrested and even exiled to the West away from their families, convicted of being an “anti-socialist element”, simply because they turned up hoping to see the Rolling Stones live. 

The Stasi kept tracks on those who spread the word about the rumoured Rolling Stones concert in East Berlin. Photo: Federal Stasi Records (BSTU)

The Rock and Roll Legacy in East Germany: An Art that Changed Society

This brutal reprisal from the East German government was an attempt to deter young people from Western music. However instead, it sent a signal to the authorities that there are rock and roll fans in the GDR who are no longer willing to hide.

Fans of rock music continued to be subjected to relentless pressure from the Stasi, and East German rock fans were often praised by musicians in the West for creating their own cultural space amid all of the regime's pressure.

Campino, lead vocalist of the West German punk rock band Die Toten Hosen tells the BBC “they had a certain kind of pride, a belief. They said, 'You in the West you've got the best clothing, the fashion, all those things. But we've got friendship and we help each other and we're not superficial’”.

Their friendships “meant more because they had to pay a bigger price for everything that went wrong”.

READ ALSO: Talking 'bout my generation: What unity means to eastern Germans

For many young people living in the GDR, the Rolling Stones became a soundtrack to freedom. The Stones helped young people access unique spaces in their minds, which couldn’t be restrained by the Stasi.

In fact, the Stones outlived censorship laws in East Germany, with the government eventually relaxing the rules on Western music and even releasing an LP of selected songs by the Rolling Stones on a GDR record label in 1982. 

Günter Schneidewind believes that the Rolling Stones and other bands like them contributed to the fall of the Berlin Wall, 30 years ago this November,  “the people got mesmerised by what the Stones did. They read the lyrics and discovered the literary concepts and found philosophical ideals beyond Marx and Engels”.

“Many claim that art does not lead to changes in society. But I believe it can.”

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Berlin Schönefeld airport set to close in March 2021

Now operating as a terminal in the new BER airport, the former Schönefeld airport is set to stop operations in March 2021 in a bid to cut costs.

Berlin Schönefeld airport set to close in March 2021
The former Schönefeld airport, which is currently being used a Terminal 5 of the new BER airport. Photo: DPA

Since the Berlin Brandenburg airport (BER) opened after a nine-year delay on October 31st, Schönefeld (SXF) Airport automatically became BER Terminal 5. 

READ ALSO: Berlin Brandenburg (BER) airport to finally open following nine-year delay

But in light of dwindling passenger numbers, Schönefeld is set to close in March 2021.

However, the former airport – known for being a hub for discount flights in the south of Berlin – will initially close for one year, before the BER airport committee reviews whether to keep it closed permanently. 

“We have to think about whether we really need T5 in 2021,” said airport boss Lütke Daldrup. He pointed out that airport traffic in Berlin in 2020 has been only a tenth of what it was the previously year. 

“All German airports together are expecting a decline in profits of 75 percent in 2020 and a drop of 65 percent in 2021 compared to 2019,” Daldrup told the Berliner Morgenpost on Sunday.

Flight traffic is currently experiencing as dramatic a dip as it did in the spring, amid a more stringent lockdown in Germany, said Daldrup. 

Air traffic experienced a brief revival over the summer, however, which is why Tegel airport was kept open a few months longer than initially planned.

The northern Berlin airport saw its last flight depart on November 8th. 

READ ALSO: Berlin's airport closes following last flight to Tegel

Both the main Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 at BER are slated to remain open, with some airlines at Schönefeld shifting over following the closure.

The discount airlines Ryanair and WizzAir are especially affected by the move, reported the Morgenpost, as they will have to pay greater fees to park at the modernised BER. 

According to current calculations, BER's airport company needs another €500 to €550 million for the coming year, as Finance Senator Matthias Kollatz of the centre-left Social Democrats (SPD) recently said.

Daldrup said he therefore did not expect much resistance to the closure of Schönefeld, which is located about 20 kilometres south of the centre of Berlin. 

 

 
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