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ANNIVERSARY

Denmark legalized pornography 50 years ago. Did the decision turn out as expected?

Thursday marked the 50-year anniversary of Denmark’s groundbreaking decision to legalize pornographic images in 1969.

Denmark legalized pornography 50 years ago. Did the decision turn out as expected?
A 'pornography supermarket' in Copenhagen in 1978. Photo: Allan Moe / Ritzau Scanpix

Conservative Minister of Justice Knud Thestrup stated at the time that he hoped legalization of pornography would reduce interest in it amongst the general public.

Has that transpired in the half-century since Denmark became the world's first country to legalize porn?

The decision paved the way for distributors to make a fortune from the country’s 1970s ‘sexual revolution’.

Following legalization, which came into effect on July 1st 1969, the industry quickly flourished in Denmark, photographer Jon Nordstrøm, who produced the book Porno, which chronicles the industry through photography, wrote for DR earlier this week.

“It wasn’t that there hadn’t been any production before, but now producers could really let loose,” Nordstrøm wrote.

The government’s decision to make pornography legal, although taken by a conservative minister, came during a time when the hippie movement and concept of free love was at its height in Denmark and elsewhere.

“Even before the ban was lifted, the hippie movement, thoughts about free sex and nakedness mixed together with porn, because it was a youth culture that was against all forms of censorship,” Nordstrøm wrote.

One entrepreneur, Barny Nygaard, now 77, became one of Denmark’s biggest money-makers within the industry. Nygaard’s company was founded in the early 1980s and had a turnover of close to 15 million kroner annually during its most successful years, news agency Ritzau writes.

“It all started when I drove to Greve and bought the rights to four porn movies for 100,000 kroner, which I scraped together from my family,” Nygaard told Ritzau.

“I also went to the bank and asked whether I could borrow money to buy the four porn films. But they told me to forget it,” he added.

The advent of VHS tapes enabled Nygaard to distribute the films at the new video rental stores being opened across the country during the period.

Demand was also high at pornographic cinemas in Copenhagen’s Vesterbro neighbourhood – then a tough area which Nygaard was nervous about visiting, he said.

“It was a tough industry back then,” the porn distributor said.

“I must admit I looked over my shoulder a little,” he added.

Nygaard’s company BN Agentur continued to profit until around ten years ago.

“That’s when it stopped – from one day to the next. Turnover fell to around one million kroner per year. So we didn’t want to continue. Today we are a small postal order firm that just about breaks even,” he said.

READ ALSO: Danish politician takes out election ad on porn site

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ANGELA MERKEL

Germany marks 30th anniversary of fall of Berlin Wall

Germany on Saturday marks 30 years since the fall of the Berlin Wall that ushered in the end of communism and national reunification.

Germany marks 30th anniversary of fall of Berlin Wall
German chancellor Angela Merkel and the EU's incoming chief Ursula von der Leyen attended an event on Friday night. Photo: Tobias Schwartz/AFP
The celebrations come at a time when the Western alliance that helped secure those achievements is riddled with divisions.
   
Two days before the date that brought epochal change, France's President Emmanuel Macron dropped a bombshell, declaring that transatlantic partnership NATO was suffering from “brain death” and that Europe itself was “on the brink”.
   
Chancellor Angela Merkel responded with uncharacteristic sharpness, saying Thursday “I don't think that such sweeping judgements are necessary”, and the ensuing storm over NATO laid bare the growing differences among traditional allies.
   
The bad tempered prelude to the festivities stood in sharp contrast to celebrations five years ago, when former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and ex-Polish president and freedom icon Lech Walesa were present.
   
This time, leaders of former Cold War powers will be absent, as Donald Trump's America First policy, Britain's Brexit struggles and Russia's resurgence put a strain on ties.
 
READ ALSO: 
 
 
US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo's visit ended Friday while Macron is only planning a flying visit on Sunday, leaving the actual anniversary on November 9 without globally prominent figures.
   
Pompeo also left behind a stark warning: “As we celebrate, we must also recognise that freedom is never guaranteed.
   
“Today, authoritarianism is once again rising,” he said, namechecking China and Russia.
 
'Naive complacency'
 
Carrying a similar message, the EU's incoming chief Ursula von der Leyen noted that the euphoric optimism over liberal democracy and freedom that characterised November 9, 1989 has dissipated.
   
“Today, we have to admit that our complacency was naive,” said von der Leyen.
   
Russia is “using violence to shift established borders in Europe, and is trying to fill every vacuum that the US has left behind.”
   
And hopes that China would develop closer to the Western liberal democracy model has not been fulfilled, she said.
   
Beyond the cracks surfacing in the global arena, a new chasm is opening up within Germany itself with the far-right gaining a strong foothold in the former communist states.
   
Underlining the problem herself, Merkel said those who thought the differences between the former communist east and the capitalist west could be ironed out earlier, sees “that it would take half a century or more.”
   
Debate has also opened up more intensively over the differences between the east and west as “nationalist and protectionist trends have gained ground worldwide, thereby fuelling more discussion too form a national perspective,” Merkel told Sueddeutsche Zeitung.
   
Amid the sombre mood, a serious political programme is planned for Saturday, with central European presidents to headline the official ceremonies. They will join Merkel and President Frank-Walter Steinmeier to mark their countries' “contribution … to the peaceful revolution” that led to the collapse of the communist regime.
   
Merkel will speak at the Chapel of Reconciliation, which stands on a stretch of the former Berlin Wall border strip where local people jumped from windows the day the wall was built to escape the communist East, while others later dug tunnels towards the West.
   
Steinmeier will also make a speech at the Brandenburg Gate in the evening, before a series of concerts including one by the prestigious Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra.
   
On November 9, 1989, East German border guards, overwhelmed by large crowds, threw open the gates to West Berlin, allowing free passage for the first time since it was built.
   
The momentous event would end up bringing the communist regime crashing down and led to German reunification a year later.
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