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LANGUAGE AND CULTURE

The German words we use every day – that are actually French

Long before German became “Denglished”, it was en vogue to sprinkle one’s German with un peu français. In fact we still use French while speaking German every day without realizing it.

The German words we use every day - that are actually French
Sanssouci palace in Potsdam. Photo: DPA

Pommes

This is perhaps the most obvious Gallicism on the list – but it is a pretty absurd one when you think about it. Every time we order our Currywurst mit Pommes, we are actually asking for apples.

Pommes comes from the French pomme de terre, meaning potato. But since that literally means “apples of the ground”, ordering just Pommes means you are asking for apples – which must be hilarious for the French.

Friseur

Photo: DPA

This is another one that must have the French scratching their heads. Although Friseur, meaning hairdresser, comes from the French, there is actually no directly equivalent word in the Gallic tongue. It is derived from the word friser, meaning to curl, which is rather more than the one expects when one pays €10 for the biannual barber's visit.

Why Germans didn’t just directly take the French word coiffeur, we don’t know.

Trottoir

You probably aren’t so familiar with this word for pavement if you live in the north of Germany. But in states near the border to France, such as Baden-Württemberg, it is still commonly preferred over the German Bürgersteig, which (let’s face it) is much less pleasing to say.

Passage

This is another one that has to do with the infrastructure of a city, and again it is more common in the south of Germany than the north. If you live in Munich you have surely come across streets like Amalienpassage. And even in Berlin, many people are no doubt familiar with the Passage Kino.

Well, this is just another word pinched from those suave Frenchies. Not that we would do something like that in English…

Portemonnaie

Photo: DPA

While the word Geldbeutel is very commonly used, it is also far from unusual to see a German frantically checking their pockets and muttering to themselves “Mist! Ich habe mein Portemonnaie verloren.”

This word for wallet is another Gallicism and is written Porte-monnaie in the original.

Balance

The great advantage for English speakers about the prevalence of French words in German, is that they often give us an easier alternative to remember.

Can’t make Gelegenheit stick in your head? No worries, thanks to French, Chance is a perfectly normal German word. And is Gleichgewicht just too long to memorize? Go for Balance instead, but remember to give the pronunciation a French twist.

Sanssouci

Photo: DPA

The beautiful palace of Sanssouci in Potsdam is one of Germany’s most famous tourist attractions. Ironically, though, the name is very French. The palace was built by Frederick the Great in 1745 and was supposed to be his retreat from the hectic life in Berlin. That’s why he named it “worry-free” or sans souci in French.

Garderobe

It makes sense that a word that conjures up images of sophisticated evening soirees, where arriving guests are directed to the Garderobe comes from the land of the Belle Époque.

The German word for wardrobe or coat room is often a bit more humdrum in its everyday use these days, though. You are most likely to use it after entering a museum or a nightclub when you need a place to put your coat.

It comes from the French words garde (safe-keeping) and robe (dress).

Apropos

This is a word that Germans often use when they want to change the subject but pretend they are talking about them same thing.

Imagine you still haven’t paid back that €50 you owe your friend. You are telling her how you needed five cups of coffee to stay awake today, when she replies: “Apropos der Zahl fünf, du schuldest mir immer noch €50”.

But because she used a French word, she can get away with such an indiscreet reminder of your tardiness.

Abonnement

Whenever you buy an Abo to ride of the U-Bahn for a year or for unlimited access to city museums, you are actually using a French word. Abo is short for the word Abonnement, which comes from French and means subscription.

If you are a language purist, you could always use the German word Bestellung instead.

SEE ALSO: 10 German words becoming extinct thanks to English

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GERMAN WORD OF THE DAY

German word of the day: Grenze

From national borders to personal limitations, this German word is a great one to add to your active vocabulary.

German word of the day: Grenze

Why do I need to know Grenze?

Because Grenze is one of those nifty words that has multiple uses beyond its most literal meaning, and which can also be used in verb form.

As with many German nouns, it also functions well as a compound noun (i.e. paired with other nouns to create a new word) so learning this word could add several new words to your vocabulary at once. 

What does it mean? 

Die Grenze (pronounced like this) can be best translated as border in English, but can also mean limit or boundary, depending on the context.

When you hear the word in a geographical sense, it’s usually used to discuss national borders, such as Germany’s borders with nine other countries.

Of course, borders don’t have to be national: a Stadtgrenze would refer to the city limits, while Bundeslandgrenzen are the borders between Germany’s federal states. Want to know where the border crossing is? In that case, you’ll need to locate the Grenzübergang (also a feminine noun). 

An Abgrenzung, meanwhile, is any kind of demarcation. 

In the list of useful compound nouns that can be made using Grenze, one particularly interesting one is Phantomgrenze. This word is used to describe borders that don’t physically exist but that take the form of cultural, political or economic divides – a prime example being the East/West divide that still exists in Germany more than three decades after reunification.

READ ALSO: How does Germany’s ‘phantom border’ still divide the country?

Less literally, you can use Grenzen to discuss physical or emotional limitations, or to talk about being pushed to the limit (an die Grenzen gestoßen sein). In a similar sense, there may be political boundaries (politische Grenzen), or scientific ones (wissenschaftliche Grenzen) that haven’t yet been crossed. 

You may have recently learned to set boundaries in your personal life, which can be described in German as “Grenzen setzen”. In that case, you may also want people to respect those boundaries (Grenzen respektieren). 

In fact, almost any well-known English phrase that refers to limits, borders or boundaries can usually be translated using Grenzen. For example, “Meine Leidenschaft kennt keine Grenzen” means “My passion knows no bounds.” 

Of course, this being German, there are countless other ways you can adapt Grenze not just into compound nouns but also into verbs or adjectives. 

Grenzen, of course, means “to border” while angrenzen means “to border on” and begrenzen means “to limit”. Speaking of which, if you’re hoping to snap up a discounted deal, you may well be warned: “Das Angebot ist stark begrenzt.” That tells you that the offer is limited, so you’d better hurry while stocks last!

Where does it come from?

Interestingly enough, the word Grenze has Slavic roots and stems from the Polish word granica, which also means border.

Geography buffs may well observe that Germany shares a fairly long border with Poland (along with eight other countries), so the etymology of the German word seems incredibly fitting. 

READ ALSO: Five German words that come from Polish

Use it like this: 

Es ist wichtig, die Grenzen anderer Menschen zu respektieren.

It’s important to respect other people’s boundaries. 

Wie viele Länder grenzen an Deutschland? 

How many countries border Germany?

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