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Are you as Swedish as a four-year-old? The battle to integrate as quickly as your kid

In a new parenting and family life column for The Local, Victoria Martínez explains how she is being outdone in the race to integrate in Sweden by her young daughter.

Are you as Swedish as a four-year-old? The battle to integrate as quickly as your kid
Victoria Martínez and her two kids. Photo: Victoria Martínez

I have recently realized that, after only six months in Sweden, my four-year-old daughter is possibly the most Swedish person I know. Except for actual native Swedes, of course. I’m guessing she could challenge most recently-immigrated adults to a test of “Swedishness” and probably come out on top. She certainly has me beat, in any case.

It has become common in our house to hear her say things like, “No, Mommy, that’s not how you say it in Swedish.” On occasion, she has even stated matter-of-factly, “They don't do it that way here [in Sweden].” Initially, I thought comments like this were merely adorable. I unabashedly paraded her recitations of ordinal numbers and nursery rhymes in Swedish to her grandparents via Skype.

Now, I look at her like a pool of Swedish knowledge and find myself dipping into that pool regularly. I admit, for instance, to having her count out coins in Swedish when making small purchases, not so much to reinforce her knowledge as to increase my own. Say what you will, but when you find yourself struggling to count past fyra (four), not to mention pronounce it properly, it really helps to have someone that age on hand to rescue you.

I also find her extremely helpful with her two-year-old brother who, though not quite at her master level of Swedishness, is doing pretty well for himself. Her help as an interpreter is invaluable when he’s trying unsuccessfully to communicate something to me in Swedish. There has been more than one occasion where I've been alerted to a dirty diaper or some other situation when I merely thought he was babbling incoherently. And when he demands that Pino (a series of Swedish books for toddlers) must be read to him this instant, his big sister saves me every time. Yes, she has memorized all the Pino books in Swedish.

Her knowledge, or at least perception, of Swedish “ways” has even led me to modify certain routines and initiate new devices into our lives to smooth our transition and help us integrate. Not that I haven’t done this while living in other countries, it just wasn't guided in part by a four-year-old.


Dressing like Pippi Longstocking. A true sign of Swedishness. Photo: Victoria Martínez

It’s not that I begrudge her this facility of adaptation (well, maybe just a little). One of the reasons my husband and I have always loved to travel and live around the world is the tremendous personal enrichment it provides. We want that for our children, as much as for ourselves. It's just that I wish my acculturation process were going as smoothly as hers.

While I am putting great effort into integration, her greatest effort includes going to förskola (pre-school) half a day, five days a week. I spend my days clumsily picking up bits and pieces of Swedish by participating in the mundane aspects of adult life, while she rapidly gains fluency in Swedish by singing songs and playing. Clearly, I’m doing it wrong, and even she seems to disapprove of my progress. More than once while studying SFI (Swedish for Immigrants) online or using the Duolingo app on my phone, she has asked me why I must listen to the same word so many times. Good question, kid. Good question.

I am starting to think förskola is a magical place and maybe I should start attending. In all seriousness, I have not placed myself above using the same devices my children are using to learn for myself. The only problem with that method when you're an adult is it's not always practical for everyday use. I'm still trying to figure out, for instance, how exactly I can parlay the nursery song, “Lilla snigel akta dig” (“Little snail beware”), into something useful for an adult conversation. So far, I’ve drawn a blank.

On the bright side, there is a chink in the armor of my daughter's seemingly solid, newfound Swedishness. Perhaps I shouldn't take so much pleasure in writing this, but she is without a doubt NOT that which is perhaps considered the most Swedish characteristic of all: lagom, or moderate in all things. She is, after all, four years old. The “American” side of her is not moderate. The “Spanish” side of her is not moderate. And, without a doubt, as much as she has managed to model herself as Swedish in so many other ways, she is most certainly not what Swedes would consider lagom.

So, if you are a recent immigrant to Sweden who also happens to be lagom, then congratulations! You may indeed be as Swedish as a four-year-old. If you're like me, however, then beware, little snail, you have some serious catching up to do.

Victoria Martínez is an American historical researcher, writer and author of three historical non-fiction books. She lives in Småland county, Sweden, with her Spanish husband and their two children.

Would you like to write a guest column for The Local? E-mail us at [email protected].

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MOVING TO SWEDEN

Reader question: How can I retire to Sweden?

Although Sweden may be a less popular retirement destination than other European countries like Spain or Portugal, there are many pensioners who plan on retiring in the Nordic country. What are the rules for foreigners?

Reader question: How can I retire to Sweden?

Nordic citizens

Perhaps unsurprisingly, it’s easiest for Nordic citizens to retire in Sweden, as they enjoy unrestricted rights to live and work in any of the Nordic countries without the need for any kind of work or residence permits or EU residence documents.

This means that citizens of the Nordic countries can essentially just move to Sweden and register their arrival at the Tax Agency upon their arrival, bringing with them a passport or national ID card, as well as documentation proving their civil status (married, registered partner, single or divorced), and the birth certificate of any children moving with them.

EU citizens

The situation for EU citizens is similar to that of Nordic citizens. 

EU citizens also report their move to the Tax Agency upon arrival in Sweden, and will need to show identity documents (such as a national ID card or passport), provide their full address in Sweden, including four-figure apartment number if applicable, as well as the name of whoever they are living with if they are living in someone else’s home.

They will also need to prove that they have EU right of residence. This can be done in a number of ways, including proof of work or proof of studies, but the relevant path for most retirees is proof of self-sufficiency, which essentially means documenting housing costs, including electricity and home insurance, and showing that you have some means of covering these financially, such as via a bank statement with a high enough balance, confirmation of a pension of a sufficient size, or an employment contract and payslip from another country, if the applicant is not planning on fully retiring straight away.

It’s also possible to prove self-sufficiency by providing a document or letter confirming that someone else can support you financially, along with a bank statement to back this up. There’s no application fee.

EU citizens may also need to provide proof of their civil status, whether they’re moving alone or with someone else.

Non-EU citizens

As a general rule, it’s not possible to retire to Sweden as a non-EU citizen unless your partner is a Swede or an EU citizen, or unless you’re a long-term resident of another EU country (if that applies to you, see below for details of these routes).

This is due to the fact that non-EU citizens need residency permits to live in Sweden, and these are only granted due to work, studies, or moving to live with someone who already has the right to live in Sweden.

If you don’t have a Swedish or EU partner but you have plans to retire to Sweden at some point in the future, you could in theory get a work permit in Sweden and work until you qualify for permanent residency, which usually means working in Sweden for at least five years.

Note that Sweden’s government is planning on reforming the permanent residency rules, so it’s likely that applicants choosing to do this would have to take language and civics tests in order to qualify for permanent residency in the future. 

It is also likely that the residence requirement for permanent residency could be extended or otherwise altered within the next five years, so be prepared that the rules could change in the future if you do decide to go down this route.

What if only one of us is an EU citizen?

If you’re planning to move as a couple but only one of you is an EU citizen, the non-EU citizen should be able to qualify for a residence card as a family member of an EU citizen.

This allows the non-EU family member to live in Sweden as long as their EU citizen partner fulfils EU right of residence rules (by documenting self-sufficiency as explained above, for example). There is no application fee.

In order to get an EU residence card, the non-EU citizen must have a valid passport, be able to show that they belong to the same family as the EU citizen (through, for example, a marriage certificate or proof of cohabitation), and the EU citizen must be able to show that they meet the EU right of residence requirements.

This doesn’t just apply to partners or spouses of EU citizens either – it can be used for children of either parent aged 21 or under, or other family members who are financially dependent on the applicant (including children over 21 and parents, or anyone the applicant takes care of due to serious health reasons).

You may also need to provide proof that you are either covered by the social insurance system in your country of origin, or proof that you have taken out full-coverage private healthcare insurance for your stay in Sweden.

Swedes are not normally considered EU citizens in this context, unless they were recently living with their partner in another EU/EEA country or Switzerland. See below for the rules for couples consisting of a non-EU citizen and a Swede.

What if one of us is a non-EU citizen and the other is a Swede?

The process for non-EU citizens wishing to retire to Sweden with their Swedish partner varies, depending on where the couple lived before retiring.

If the couple lived together in another EU country (this includes the UK if they lived there together before Brexit), they can apply under the route described above for non-EU partners of EU citizens.

If that is not the case, they can apply for a residence permit to move to a spouse or cohabiting partner in Sweden, sometimes referred to as a “sambo visa” (sambo is the Swedish word for a cohabiting partner).

In this case, the Swede must be able to support both themselves and their partner (which in 2023 meant having at least 9,445 kronor left after housing costs are paid each month), and have a house which is big enough – a home of at least one room with a kitchen or kitchenette, for a couple without children. The application fee is 2,000 kronor for an adult.

What about non-EU citizens who previously lived in Sweden?

In some cases, non-EU citizens who have previously held a permanent residence permit in Sweden are eligible for a new residence permit if they can prove sufficient ties to Sweden.

If they have been living abroad for three years or less, they must have lived in Sweden for at least four years in order to be eligible for a new permit. 

Non-EU citizens living outside Sweden for more than three years must usually have lived in Sweden for at least ten years to qualify for a “returning to Sweden” permit, or if they can prove sufficient ties to Sweden in some other way.

The Migration Agency will assess your application to determine how strong your ties are to Sweden compared with your home country or the other country you have been living in since you left Sweden, and factors such as where you chose to have a family or whether your reasons for leaving Sweden were out of your control will be taken into account.

If your permit is granted, your partner or any other family member wishing to come with you will also need to apply for a permit to join you in Sweden, most likely a residence permit to move to a spouse or cohabiting partner in Sweden.

What about non-EU citizens who have long-term residence permits from another EU country?

In some cases, non-EU citizens who have lived in another EU country for at least five years are able to move to Sweden under EU freedom of movement rules.

This particular route applies to holders of the EC/EU residence permit for long term residents. This grants them certain rights similar to the rights of EU citizens, including the right to move to other EU countries to work, study, start a business or live off a pension.

Not all EU countries issue these permits – Denmark and Ireland do not issue long-term resident status cards to their non-EU residents – and they have different names in different countries, but if you have one of these cards you will be able to move to Sweden as long as you also fulfill the self-sufficiency rules for EU citizens. You will need to apply for the card in your country of residence before moving to Sweden.

You cannot, however, register your arrival at the Tax Agency, like EU citizens, and will instead need to apply for a residence permit from the Migration Agency within three months of arrival.

You will need to fill in this form (Application for a residence permit for persons who have long-term resident status in another EU state and their family members, 137011), and either hand it in directly to a Migration Agency permit service unit or post it to the Migration Agency office responsible for EEA and long-term residence permits. The fee costs 1,500 kronor for adults and adult family members, or 750 kronor for children under the age of 18. 

What about Brits?

Brits moving to Sweden after December 31st, 2020 are subject to the same rules as non-EU citizens. This means that they will need to apply for a residence permit or a card proving right of residence as a family member of an EU citizen if they wish to move to Sweden, or will need to hold a EC/EU residence permit from another EU country.

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