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MUMMY

Danish bog mummy’s missing toe returned after 60 years

The missing toe of Tollund Man, one of Denmark’s best-preserved Iron Age mummies, has been returned after more than 60 years.

Danish bog mummy's missing toe returned after 60 years
The toe has been part of Birte Brorson's family life for decades. Photo: Nina Brorson
The toe, still complete and intact with its mummified toenail, was returned by the daughter of the man responsible for restoring the body, who took it home when it was cut off in the 1950s as part of an experiment in perservation techniques. 
 
Birte Brorson said the toe had been part of her childhood. 
 
“I brought the toe with me to school once to show my classmates,” Birte Brorson told The Local. “We read about the Tollund Man, and I said, 'I’ve got his toe at home'. No one believed me, so I brought it there to show them.” 
 
Tollund Man was found in 1950 buried in a peat bog on the Jutland peninsular. 
 
Although he lived and died in the 4th century BC, his features had been so well preserved by the acid in the bog that the people who discovered him at first thought he was a recent murder victim. 
 
According to Brorson the toe was not the only ancient artefact her father brought home. 
 
“My father had all kinds of things lying about: coins from the Gundestrup cauldron, parts of a Viking ship – things that are handed back today,” she told TV2.
 
But she told The Local that it would be wrong to interpret this as theft or souvenir-collecting. 
 
“It’s like you taking your computer home when you want to work on the weekend,” she said.  “The toe ended up with him here and then got lost, and was lost for many, many years.” 
 
She stressed that her father, who ended his career as a museum inspector, had been a serious scientist and was not the sort of person who would keep a toe as a joke. 
 
The family found the toe when they emptied their parents' house when her mother was moving into an old people's home. 
 
“We found it in a box where my father kept his tools and things like that,” she said. “We thought, 'that's the toe', and put it in a basket to take to my mother’s house, and for the last 11 years it was with my mother’s belongings.” 
 
When they discussed returning it, their mother stopped them. “My mother said to me ‘don’t give it back to them, they’ll just throw it away’,” she said. 
 
The father's keeping of the toe is perhaps not as bad as might be supposed, as conservation techniques in the 1950s were not good enough to preserve the whole body, so the forensic examiners decided to only preserve the head and did not keep the rest of the body intact, although some other body parts were preserved. 
 
“That was the feeling we had. 'This is nothing'.  At the time we had it bits of the Tollund man was scattered all over Europe.” 
 
The Silkeborg Museum created a reconstruction of the body in 1987, which is what visitors can see today together with the original head. 
 
Brorson said she had been surprised by the reaction when she contacted the museum a week ago. 
 
“They were very, very enthusiastic and I didn’t expect that. I didn’t expect to be called up by journalists. Now it’s a very big deal and I’m very happy it is a very big deal. I’m very, very happy that this toe is precious, because I always thought it was.” 
 
“We are ecstatic here at the Silkeborg Museum. It's fantastic,” Ole Nielsen, the museum’s director told TV2. 
 
The toe will be presented to the museum on 31 October. 
 
Here is Tollund Man as displayed in the museum: 
 
 
Here is the eerily well-preserved face, shortly after it was found. 
 
 
And here is the body at the time of its discovery in 1950. 
 

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ARCHAEOLOGY

‘Queen Nefertari’s legs’ found in northern Italy

A pair of legs on display in Turin's Egyptian Museum likely belonged to Ancient Egyptian Queen Nefertari, according to a new archaeological study.

'Queen Nefertari's legs' found in northern Italy
The mummified legs. Photo: Plos One

The legs had been kept in the museum for decades after being found in Nefertari's tomb – but this study is the first to scientifically assess whether they actually belonged to the ancient queen.

Nefertari's tomb in Egypt's Valley of the Queens was discovered in 1904 by Italian Egyptologist Ernesto Schiaparelli, who sent some of the remains he found there to the Turin museum. 

But until now, the study published in Plos One explained, there had been plenty of grounds for skepticism as to the authenticity of the legs. The tomb had been plundered, and one hypothesis was that the bones found by Schiaparelli had been washed in from a 17th or 18th century, after the tomb had been opened.

An international team of archaeologists carried out a series of tests on the remains, using carbon dating, DNA analysis and chemical analysis to prove that the legs belonged to a woman of around Nefertari's age.

What's more, the materials which had been used to embalm the legs were consistent with 13th-century BC mummification techniques – the era when Nefertari lived. A pair of ornately decorated sandals found in the tomb are consistent with the size of the legs, suggesting that both belonged to a person of importance.

“No absolute certainty exists,” the archaeologists said, but they added that the theory that the legs were Nefertari''s “seems to be the most credible and realistic, and is coherent with the findings of the excavators and with the inscriptions found on the funerary objects.”

The team of researchers was led by the UK's University of York, and included one Italian, Raffaella Bianucci of the University of Turin.

Nefertari was the favourite wife of Pharaoh Ramesses II and one of the most famous Egyptian queens alongside Cleopatra and Nefertiti. Her name means 'beautiful companion'.

The legs, along with other objects from the tomb, are on display at the Egyptian Museum.

 

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