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DIET

Italian team finds vaccine against western diet’s ills

An Italian team has developed a vaccine that could protect against illnesses caused or exacerbated by modern western diets.

Italian team finds vaccine against western diet's ills
An Italian team have discovered a vaccine that could protect against illnesses caused by the typical western diet. Photo: Alpha/Joe Flintham/Flickr

At least that's according to a paper published in the journal Scientific Reports this month.

“Thanks to the growing popularity of the high-sugar, high-fat diet, which predominates in western societies, we have seen a huge increase in the number of people exhibiting what is known as 'chronic metabolic syndrome',”  the paper's author, doctor Filippe Canducci of Milan's University of Insubria and San Raffaele Hospital, told The Local.

Typically, people with metabolic syndrome display a number symptoms, including a high percentage of excess body fat around the waist, high blood sugar, increased blood pressure and high cholesterol.

Metabolic syndrome is not a disease as such, but it is typically associated with a number of chronic diseases blighting western societies, namely type two diabetes, heart attacks and strokes.

“It has long been known that metabolic disease is linked to a prevalence of a certain group of bacteria present in the digestive system, known as Enterobacteriaceae, which flourish when people eat the typical western diet,” Canducci explained.

Until now, biologists, nutritionists and doctors have focused on combating health problems associated with the western diet by attempting to change people's intestinal flora through things like probiotic yoghurt drinks and even fecal suppositories, but Canducci and his team have taken a different approach.

“We injected a specific protein, known as ompk36, directly into the intestinal walls of mice which were being fed a 'western diet'” Canducci explained.

The mice weren't eating human junk food, but they were eating pellets which had nutritional profiles identical to the typical hamburger meal in terms of their carbohydrate, lipid, salt and sugar profiles.

“The ompk36 protein is created by the Enterobacteriaceae group of bacteria and has a wide range of harmful inflammatory effects on the body,” Canducci explained.

“And yet all mice who had been vaccinated did not suffer the inflammatory effects of the protein, what's more they showed normal levels of blood sugar and lower levels of insulin in spite of their diet,” Canducci explained.

High blood sugar and high insulin are two of the most important risk factors in the development of type two diabetes, the main causes of which are thought to be a diet high in sugar coupled with and inactive lifestyle.

Type two diabetes has been described as 'a new epidemic ' in the US, with more than 25 million Americans suffering from the disease which costs the country more that €225 million a year.

The number of people with the disease is growing too.

Some 33 percent more children are diagnosed with the condition today compared to ten years ago, a fact experts put down to recent changes in our diet and lifestyle.

But the vaccine could also offer protection against diet-related heart problems too.

“All vaccinated mice showed much higher concentrations of a blood protein known as APOE, which we already know against heart attacks and strokes,” Canducci explained.

APOE proteins, while they do not reduce the amount of harmful plaque that builds up inside arteries, prevent the fatty buildup from solidifying and breaking off, which is the primary cause of heart attacks and strokes.

More than 800,000 people die from heart attacks and strokes in the US, with cardio-vascular disease now accounting for more than 30 percent of all deaths annually across the globe.

“It is not an underestimation to say that this vaccine could protect against some of the problems caused by the western diet. We really hope we will have the opportunity to try this on human subjects in the near future,” Canducci added.

Until more research is carried out there is, sadly, no cure for the western diet. Although Italy's traditional diet, based around fresh fruit and veg, olive oil, pulses and seafood might just offer the next best solution.

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HEALTH

Why do people from this Spanish region live longer than all other Europeans?

Spaniards are predicted to have the longest life expectancy in the world by 2040, but there’s one Spanish region in particular where people just keep living longer.

Why do people from this Spanish region live longer than all other Europeans?
Photo: Bafomet-Jaén/Flickr

Galicia, in the northwest of Spain, has the population with the highest life expectancy in not only the country, but in Europe.

According to figures from Spain’s national stats agency INE, Galician men currently live on average to an age of 83 years and 4 months and Galician women to 86 years and 4 months.

In fact, it’s estimated that in the last decade Galicia’s 2.7 million inhabitants have gained an average 2 years and 4 months of life, and 3 years and 3 months over the last 20 years.

That means that Galicians are currently only surpassed in the longevity tables by the Japanese, whose average age hovers just under the 84-year mark.

With a projected average lifespan of nearly 85.8 years in 20 years, Spaniards as a whole are expected to outlive all other nations by 2040.

Experts forecast Galicia will beat all other Spanish autonomous communities in the life expectancy rankings when that day comes. 

Photo: Instituto Siglo XXI/Flickr

So what is it about this unique region with a distinctive culture from the rest of Spain that helps its residents live longer?

Well, it certainly isn’t thanks to the weather. Galicia is the region of Europe where it rains most often, its protruding geographical location meaning it gets more rainfall than anywhere in the UK or north-western regions of France such as Normandy or Brittany.

The chief reason for Galicians’ longevity is their diet, but not the Mediterranean one commonly associated with Spain, Italy and France; the lesser-known Atlantic one.

The Atlantic diet is largely composed of seasonal, locally sourced, fresh and minimally processed produce.

In terms of how it compares to the Mediterranean diet, food preparation favours stewing over frying and pig products such as cold meats (embutidos) are not as prevalent as in other parts of Spain’s local cuisines. Instead the staple food is fish and seafood.

READ MORE:

“Atlantic cuisine has an abundance of vegetables, fruit, fish, shellfish and olive oil, even the veal comes from cows reared in freedom”, Felipe F. Casanueva, professor of medicine at the University of Santiago de Compostela, told Spanish daily El Español.

For Casanueva there's no doubt that the Atlantic diet is the main reason Galicians live on average a year longer than their Andalusian counterparts in the south of Spain, but he admits that “in Galicia we’ve been more concerned about eating Atlantic-style cuisine than promoting it or studying it”.


 Photo: Santi Villamarín/Flickr

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