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SWEDISH TRADITIONS

Witches and herring: Seven traditions that reveal it’s Easter in Sweden

Happy Easter, that time of year when the witches go to dance with the devil... wait, what? Yes, Swedish Easter traditions are a little different from what you may find elsewhere.

Witches and herring: Seven traditions that reveal it's Easter in Sweden
Swedish Easter witches. Photo: Ulf Lundin/imagebank.sweden.se

1. Witches 

For the majority, Easter (påsk) is a secular event in Sweden and the fact that many children dress up as witches gives a clear indication that the origins of the spring festival predate Christianity. Folklore alleges that witches flew off on broomsticks to dance with the devil at a legendary meadow named Blåkulla (“blue hill”), which Swedish parents are completely unfazed about their children re-enacting.

On Maundy Thursday (skärtorsdag), you’ll spot kids with painted faces and broomsticks. Some knock on doors asking for treats, much like American children do at Halloween.

2. Fake paper eggs in supermarkets

Whereas some countries have chocolate eggs over Easter, in Sweden you don’t eat the Easter egg itself, but instead it’s usually a beautifully painted paper shell crammed with candy goodies (påskägg). Many schools and families organise Easter egg hunts, giving children clues and riddles to help them track the sweets down.

3. Real eggs everywhere

Swedes are big egg consumers most of the year, so it’s no surprise that they’re a breakfast staple over Easter, as well as featuring on many a midday smörgåsbord or påskbord (Easter buffet table) with toppings including caviar and and shrimp-based sauces.

4. Fish, pickled

Eggs often complement the pickled herring which is at the heart of most Swedes’ Easter meals, while others opt for salmon or dill. Another popular dish is Janssons Frestelse which translates to “Jansson’s Temptation”. It is a creamy casserole including potatoes, onions and sprats. All this will frequently be washed down by a glass (or three) of Swedish snaps. 

In case you were wondering, yes, this is exactly what Swedes eat at Christmas as well. And Midsummer. If it ain’t broke, why fix it?

5. Summer houses

Easter is the first long weekend of the year and for many city dwellers it provides an excuse to enjoy the country’s famous nature.

Summer holiday cottages are not just the preserve of the rich in Scandinavia, so plenty of people escape their urban apartments and join relatives for some respite in the forest or by the coast.

6. Feathered twigs

If you’re invited to a Swedish lunch at a summer house or elsewhere, you might be wondering why on earth there are vases filled with bunches of twigs covered in feathers (påskris).

Swedes have been decorating small birch tree branches like this since the 1800s. These originally served as a reminder of Christ’s suffering and children would pretend to lash each other with them on Good Friday. Nowadays the feathers are brightly coloured and tend to remain on the table.

This tradition appears to be declining for animal rights’ reasons, including the difficulty in finding suppliers that can guarantee feathers are not taken from living animals. Many Swedes now use artificial feathers or other colourful alternatives instead.

7. Påskmust

Påskmust is like a sweet, spicy root beer containing hops, sugar, malt aroma and spices, and no alcohol. It’s an essential component of any Easter-time meal.

It is the Easter version of julmust, the Christmas drink that far outsells Coca Cola every December. Every year Swedes debate whether the two beverages taste the same (they do).

For members

DANISH TRADITIONS

Why is Maundy Thursday a holiday in Denmark and Norway but not in Sweden?

People in Denmark and Norway have the day off on Maundy Thursday, but people in Sweden still have to work. Why is this?

Why is Maundy Thursday a holiday in Denmark and Norway but not in Sweden?

Maundy Thursday marks the Last Supper, the day when Jesus was betrayed by his disciple Judas at a Passover meal, and depending on whether you’re speaking Swedish, Danish or Norwegian, It is known as skärtorsdagen, skærtorsdag, or skjærtorsdag.

Historically, it has also been called “Shere” or “Shere Thursday” in English with all four words “sheer”, meaning “clean” or “bright”. 

In the Nordics, whether or not it is a public holiday not depends on where you are: workers in Denmark, Norway, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands get the day off, but those in Sweden and Finland don’t.

The difference goes back to Sweden’s split from Denmark with the breakup of the Kalmar Union in 1523, and then the different ways the two countries carried out the Reformation and the establishment of their respective Lutheran churches. 

When Denmark’s King Christian III defeated his Roman Catholic rival in 1536, he imposed a far-reaching Reformation of the Church in Denmark, initially going much further in abolishing public holidays than anything that happened in Sweden. 

“Denmark carried out a much more extensive reduction of public holidays in connection with the Reformation,” Göran Malmstedt, a history professor at Gothenburg University, told The Local. “In Denmark, the king decided in 1537 that only 16 of the many medieval public holidays would be preserved, while in Sweden almost twice as many public holidays were retained through the decision in the Church Order of 1571.”

It wasn’t until 200 years later, that Sweden’s Enlightenment monarch, Gustav III decided to follow Denmark’s austere approach, axing 20 public holidays, Maundy Thursday included, in the calendar reform known in Sweden as den stora helgdöden, or “the big public holiday slaughter”.

Other public holidays to get abolished included the third and fourth days of Christmas, Easter and Pentecost, ten days celebrating Jesus’ apostles, and the three days leading up to Ascension Day. 

“It was only when Gustav III decided in 1772 to abolish several of the old public holidays that the church year here came to resemble the Danish one,” Malmstedt said. 

At the time Finland was simply a part of Sweden (albeit one with a lot of Finnish speakers). The other Nordic countries, on the other hand, were all part of the rival Denmark-Norway. 

So if you live in the Nordics and are having to work on Maundy Thursday, now you know who to blame.  

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