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OPINION

IMMIGRATION

‘Refugees can contribute to culture and politics’

Swedish hip hop artist Mohammed Ryback says many of his best friends are former refugees and argues that Swedes need to pay more attention to their achievements amid the current influx of new arrivals.

'Refugees can contribute to culture and politics'
Mohammed Ryback (right) is part of Swedish hip hop duo Mohammed Ali. Photo: Mats Andersson/TT
I am surrounded by refugees.
 
This is something I've thought about a lot over the last few weeks, due to the current refugee crisis. Most of my friends have been refugees or are the children of refugees. Those closest to me fled from wars, dictatorships, poverty, misery and discrimination.
 
This includes the Salazar brothers who are my bosses at Redline Records who fled from Pinochet and some of my best friends such as hip hop artists Stor and Mack Beats.
 
Ali from my group Mohammed Ali came to Sweden in 1991 when he arrived on a refugee boat which docked on the coast of Gotland.
 
My wife Nabila Abdul Fattah's family fled war in Lebanon. My mother fled the war in Somalia.
 
Now, not many people see us as refugees anymore, but I cannot stop thinking that we were once just that. That it was once us who fled to another country in the hope of a better life. That we once were the causes of “public concern”.
 
The fact we were refugees was debated in the 70s, 80s, and 90s in just the same way as it is today. We were also part of a wave of refugees that swept across Sweden.
 
I do not remember the debates – I was six years old when I arrived in Sweden – but I can imagine there was much the same rhetoric and emotion that we hear and see today. Discussions about how Sweden would cope with the refugees, how negatively those people might affect Swedish society. About the fact that so many refugees were arriving in Sweden, such a small country.
 
But nowadays, some of the refugees from back then are music artists, politicians, activists, journalists, actors, film directors and professional athletes who have contributed to Sweden. The Swedish hip hop you listen to today is thanks to refugees.
 
 
24 years after I moved here, I am among the Swedes also getting used to the new wave of refugees in Sweden, a wave of refugees that is much larger than the one I arrived with. But at the same time I also believe that the future of Swedish culture lies with the newly arrived refugees.
 
Who knows, maybe there is a future DJ Salla right now in any refugee living in Sweden. A future music producer like Masse Salazar in another. A hiphop duo like Mohammed Ali in a third place. Perhaps there is a future director like Josef Fares, a future comedian like Özz Nujen and a future artist like Laleh and waiting for asylum accommodation right now.
 
No one could foresee that three children of refugees who fled from Chile would start up and run one of Sweden's biggest hip hop companies. 
 
Now just as them, many refuse to see the skills and abilities – and everything new that they might learn – among those fleeing here. 
 
Instead we discuss fears, prejucides and consequences, rather than visualising a great future for Swedish culture.
 
Mohammed Ryback is a Swedis hip hop artist. This is a translated version of a debate article originally published in Swedish by Politism.

FOOD AND DRINK

OPINION: Are tips in Sweden becoming the norm?

Should you tip in Sweden? Habits are changing fast thanks to new technology and a hard-pressed restaurant trade, writes James Savage.

OPINION: Are tips in Sweden becoming the norm?

The Local’s guide to tipping in Sweden is clear: tip for good service if you want to, but don’t feel the pressure: where servers in the US, for instance, rely on tips to live, waiters in Sweden have collectively bargained salaries with long vacations and generous benefits. 

But there are signs that this is changing, and the change is being accelerated by card machines. Now, many machines offer three preset gratuity percentages, usually starting with five percent and going up to fifteen or twenty. Previously they just asked the customer to fill in the total amount they wanted to pay.

This subtle change to a user interface sends a not-so-subtle message to customers: that tipping is expected and that most people are probably doing it. The button for not tipping is either a large-lettered ‘No Tip’ or a more subtle ‘Fortsätt’ or ‘Continue’ (it turns out you can continue without selecting a tip amount, but it’s not immediately clear to the user). 

I’ll confess, when I was first presented with this I was mildly irked: I usually tip if I’ve had table service, but waiting staff are treated as professionals and paid properly, guaranteed by deals with unions; menu prices are correspondingly high. The tip was a genuine token of appreciation.

But when I tweeted something to this effect (a tweet that went strangely viral), the responses I got made me think. Many people pointed out that the restaurant trade in Sweden is under enormous pressure, with rising costs, the after-effects of Covid and difficulties recruiting. And as Sweden has become more cosmopolitain, adding ten percent to the bill comes naturally to many.

Boulebar, a restaurant and bar chain with branches around Sweden and Denmark, had a longstanding policy of not accepting tips at all, reasoning that they were outdated and put diners in an uncomfortable position. But in 2021 CEO Henrik Kruse decided to change tack:

“It was a purely financial decision. We were under pressure due to Covid, and we had to keep wages down, so bringing back tips was the solution,” he said, adding that he has a collective agreement and staff also get a union bargained salary, before tips.

Yet for Kruse the new machines, with their pre-set tipping percentages, take things too far:

“We don’t use it, because it makes it even clearer that you’re asking for money. The guest should feel free not to tip. It’s more important for us that the guest feels free to tell people they’re satisfied.”

But for those restaurants that have adopted the new interfaces, the effect has been dramatic. Card processing company Kassacentralen, which was one of the first to launch this feature in Sweden, told Svenska Dagbladet this week that the feature had led to tips for the average establishment doubling, with some places seeing them rise six-fold.

Even unions are relaxed about tipping these days, perhaps understanding that they’re a significant extra income for their members. Union representatives have often in the past spoken out against tipping, arguing that the practice is demeaning to staff and that tips were spread unevenly, with staff in cafés or fast food joints getting nothing at all. But when I called the Swedish Hotel and Restaurant Union (HRF), a spokesman said that the union had no view on the practice, and it was a matter for staff, business owners and customers to decide.

So is tipping now expected in Sweden? The old advice probably still stands; waiters are still not as reliant on tips as staff in many other countries, so a lavish tip is not necessary. But as Swedes start to tip more generously, you might stick out if you leave nothing at all.

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