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BUSINESS

Business confidence hits unexpected slump

The mood surrounding the German economy somewhat clouded over, as a leading indicator of the business climate slumped for the second month running.

Business confidence hits unexpected slump
President of the Institute for Economic Research, Hans-Werner Sinn. Photo: DPA.

The Ifo Business Climate Index has fallen from 108.5 points to 107.4 points, the Institute for Economic Research in Munich reported on Wednesday.

The Ifo Index is considered as the most significant early indicator for how the German economy is developing.

The Institute for Economic Research calculates the index each month by surveying around 7,000 firms in manufacturing, construction, wholesale and retail. The firms are asked to give their assessments of the current business situation and their expectations for the next six months

Not only is this is the second time in succession that the monthly barometer for Germany's economic activity has dipped, but the extent of the drop is greater than experts had been hoping for.

Analysts had been expecting to see a result of around 108.1 points, Spiegel reported.

“The prospects for the German economy are overcast,” said the Ifo president Hans-Werner Sinn in a statement.

A graph of the index over the last 12 years shows that despite the recent dip, confidence is still reasonably high, but expectations for the coming months are much lower.

A graph showing the Ifo indix since 2003. Photo: Ifo Institut

In June's report, businesses proved to be less satisfied with the current climate and sceptical about the months to come.  

The index for current situations fell from 114.3 to 113.1 points and from 103 to 102 for future expectations.

Experts are tracing the latest slump in the economic mood back to the Greek crisis, which is causing insecurity within the German business sector, analysts from VP Bank told reporters.

Rising interest rates have also been pinpointed as a reason behind the slump in business confidence.

By Matty Edwards

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ENVIRONMENT

Sweden’s SSAB to build €4.5bn green steel plant in Luleå 

The Swedish steel giant SSAB has announced plans to build a new steel plant in Luleå for 52 billion kronor (€4.5 billion), with the new plant expected to produce 2.5 million tons of steel a year from 2028.

Sweden's SSAB to build €4.5bn green steel plant in Luleå 

“The transformation of Luleå is a major step on our journey to fossil-free steel production,” the company’s chief executive, Martin Lindqvist, said in a press release. “We will remove seven percent of Sweden’s carbon dioxide emissions, strengthen our competitiveness and secure jobs with the most cost-effective and sustainable sheet metal production in Europe.”

The new mini-mill, which is expected to start production at the end of 2028 and to hit full capacity in 2029, will include two electric arc furnaces, advanced secondary metallurgy, a direct strip rolling mill to produce SSABs specialty products, and a cold rolling complex to develop premium products for the transport industry.

It will be fed partly from hydrogen reduced iron ore produced at the HYBRIT joint venture in Gälliväre and partly with scrap steel. The company hopes to receive its environemntal permits by the end of 2024.

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The announcement comes just one week after SSAB revealed that it was seeking $500m in funding from the US government to develop a second HYBRIT manufacturing facility, using green hydrogen instead of fossil fuels to produce direct reduced iron and steel.

The company said it also hoped to expand capacity at SSAB’s steel mill in Montpelier, Iowa. 

The two new investment announcements strengthen the company’s claim to be the global pioneer in fossil-free steel.

It produced the world’s first sponge iron made with hydrogen instead of coke at its Hybrit pilot plant in Luleå in 2021. Gälliväre was chosen that same year as the site for the world’s first industrial scale plant using the technology. 

In 2023, SSAB announced it would transform its steel mill in Oxelösund to fossil-free production.

The company’s Raahe mill in Finland, which currently has new most advanced equipment, will be the last of the company’s big plants to shift away from blast furnaces. 

The steel industry currently produces 7 percent of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions, and shifting to hydrogen reduced steel and closing blast furnaces will reduce Sweden’s carbon emissions by 10 per cent and Finland’s by 7 per cent.

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