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SCIENCE

‘Jellyfish-lamb’ ends up on French plates by error

A fluorescent lamb that had been genetically modified with jellyfish protein to give it transparent skin ended up mistakenly being eaten in France, even though it was only meant to be used in research, reports said on Tuesday.

'Jellyfish-lamb' ends up on French plates by error
This lamb is not Ruby the Jellyfish lamb. Photo: Marc@s/Flickr

French authorities are looking into how a lamb genetically modified with jellyfish protein was sold as meat to an unknown
customer and almost certainly eaten.

According to a report in Le Parisien newspaper, the lamb — named “Ruby”(Rubis in French) —  was genetically altered with a jellyfish protein known as GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) that gives the animal a fluorescent colour.

The protein alters the appearance of the animal's skin to make it transparent.

Ruby was born for research purposes but last autumn she was mistakenly carted off to the abattoir along with other animals destined for consumption.

The meat was put on sale as normal and purchased by an individual consumer in Ile-de-France, whose identity has not been revealed.

Therefor the likelihood is that the meat from the animal was eaten, but it is unclear by whom or how many people.

Ruby “found itself on a plate! Who ate it? No one knows,” exclaimed Le Parisien on Tuesday.

 

“A female lamb born to a sheep that was genetically modified as part of a medical research programme was sold to a person in the Parisian region in October 2014,” said the National Institute for Agricultural Research in a statement, confirming a story first reported by Le Parisien newspaper.

“Although this ovine does not present any risk to humans or the environment, the institute has just informed local prosecutors about this breach of environmental regulations,” it added.

The case has been taken up by a public health court in Paris, a judicial source told AFP. INRA suspects the sale of the lamb may have been a malicious act on the part of two employees.

The lamb was part of the “Green Sheep” programme set up in 2009 in one of INRA’s research centres, aimed at carrying out experiments on mammals for “therapeutic research”.

Le Parisien states the jellyfish protein was introduced to allow researchers to “visualize and study heart transplants” thanks to the transparent nature of the skin.

Ruby was one of several lambs born to the mother Emeraude which was originally genetically modified with the jellyfish protein.

France remains one of the staunchest opponents of GM research, ever since environmental protesters pressured the government into banning GM crops in the 2000s.

The European Union authorised the import and sale of 19 GM crops in April, but is likely to pass legislation allowing individual countries to block their use — in part thanks to demands from France.

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SCIENCE

Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded for ‘ingenious tool for building molecules’

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, responsible for awarding the Nobel Physics and Chemistry Prizes, has announced the winners of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Peter Somfai, Member of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, announces the winners for the 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Peter Somfai, Member of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, announces the 2021 winners. Photo: Claudio Bresciani

The prize this year has been awarded to Germany’s Benjamin List and David MacMillan from Scotland, based in the US.

The Nobel Committee stated that the duo were awarded the prize “for their development of a precise new tool for molecular construction: organocatalysis”. The committee further explained that this tool “has had a great impact on pharmaceutical research, and has made chemistry greener”.

Their tool, which they developed independently of each other in 2000, can be used to control and accelerate chemical reactions, exerting a big impact on drugs research. Prior to their work, scientists believed there were only two types of catalysts — metals and enzymes.

The new technique, which relies on small organic molecules and which is called “asymmetric organocatalysis” is widely used in pharmaceuticals, allowing drug makers to streamline the production of medicines for depression and respiratory infections, among others. Organocatalysts allow several steps in a production process to be performed in an unbroken sequence, considerably reducing waste in chemical manufacturing, the Nobel committee at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said.

The Nobel committee gave more information in a press release as to why List and MacMillan were chosen: “Organocatalysis has developed at an astounding speed since 2000. Benjamin List and David MacMillan remain leaders in the field, and have shown that organic catalysts can be used to drive multitudes of chemical reactions. Using these reactions, researchers can now more efficiently construct anything from new pharmaceuticals to molecules that can capture light in solar cells. In this way, organocatalysts are bringing the greatest benefit to humankind.”

List and MacMillan, both 53, will share the 10-million-kronor prize.

“I thought somebody was making a joke. I was sitting at breakfast with my wife,” List told reporters by telephone during a press conference after the prize was announced. In past years, he said his wife has joked that he should keep an eye on his phone for a call from Sweden. “But today we didn’t even make the joke,” List said. “It’s hard to describe what you feel in that moment, but it was a very special moment that I will never forget.”

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