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Should France change its income tax system?

Before you get too excited at the French government's plan to end the annual tax declaration ordeal in favour of "les impots" being taken automatically at source, it might actually be better to keep it how it is.

Should France change its income tax system?
Should France really end the rigmarole of annual declarations? Photo: AFP

The French government announced on Wednesday that it will look to overhaul the country’s income tax system which will see les impots sur le revenue deducted automatically at source in future rather than after the annual declarations.

But is it really the best way to go?

For anyone who detests the annual rigmarole of filling out your French tax declaration then this week’s announcement by the French government will me music to their ears.

Government spokesman Stephane Le Foll said on Wednesday that the government plans to scrap the current system and move towards taxing income at source – in other words do what most developed nations do.

Although previous government's have mooted a similar idea before, the question of whether France should finally catch up with the rest of the developed world seems like a no-brainer.

Especially given that France already deducts social charges directly from workers’ pay packets – seemingly at ease.

The pros?

1.    A change would mean not only an end to the annual form-filling but also an end to having to save up throughout the year to ensure you have enough in the bank account to cover the tax bill that normally arrives the following September.

2.   That could also have psychological benefits as tax payers feel less resentful for having to hand over cash to the tax man in lump sums for the previous year’s hard slog.

3.   One other advantage of ditching the current system, a move which would no doubt be rejoiced by many bureaucracy-phobic expats in France, is that if an employee loses their job and ends up earning less, then their taxes are automatically adjusted rather than the following year.

4.  Any change in circumstances such as marriages or births of children can also be automatically and quickly taken into account by the tax man.

5.   In 2007 a report noted the payment of taxes in “real time” will benefit the government because it will see the benefit of any changes in tax laws immediately rather than in the following year.

6.   The same report also pointed out that another advantage for the government would be that it could more easily adapt to economic conditions and it would also limit the amount of tax fraud.

But the cons:

Although the arguments for changing the system stack up there are plenty of downsides to overhauling it.

1. Firstly a 2012 report noted that the annual declaration is no longer such a painful ordeal.

Some 90 percent of tax payers are sent there forms already filled out and all they need to do is pretty much sign it and send back.

Plus the system has been made easier with the fact that most tax payers now fill out their forms online and many have signed up to a system whereby they pay in monthly or three yearly installments rather than in one lump sum.

2. There’s also the fact that many employees in France prefer the current system because it allows them to keep certain things private from their companies.

“Many employees will not like the fact that their companies will have access to personal information, whether they have second incomes, their household income or whether there has been a change in their personal life etc,” said French tax expert Patrick Delas, from Russell-Cooke in London.

Many fear that if the employer knew the personal situation of workers it may influence the company's wage policies.

3.    It’s doubtful businesses will be too happy with being tasked to deduct taxes at source either with Delas saying this will lead to a much increased work load for admin offices.

4.   A report by France's Council of Obligatory Decuctions (CPO) also suggested that a change will hardly bring in more money for the French tax man and it would even cost the state billions to change the system.

5.  There’s also the problem of the transition. It could lead to tax payers being asked to pay up for the previous year’s earnings at the same time as seeing tax deducted in the current year.

“The major problem will arise when it comes to changing the system,” said Michel Taly from Arsene Taxand in Paris. “Because to stop people from paying twice, it will have to skip a year. How can this be implemented without causing injustice to anyone?

“For anyone whose income is stable, there won’t be a problem, but for the others? It will be naturally be better for them if we skipped the year in which they earned the most. Smoothing things out will naturally require complex solutions.

“Overall I would say that if France passes to a system where by income is taxed at the source, the disadvantages would outweigh the advantages,” Taly concluded.

 What about you: How would you prefer to pay your taxes?

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TAXES

Explained: France’s exit tax

Planning on leaving France? You may, depending on your circumstances, be charged the 'exit tax'.

Explained: France's exit tax

Like some other European countries, France does have an exit tax for those (French or foreign) who are leaving the country. It’s known by the English name l’Exit tax.

However, it won’t affect most people.

Only those who have been tax resident for a minimum six years of the 10 years immediately before they permanently move out of the country are liable to pay an exit tax – if, that is, they own property, titles or rights worth a minimum of €800,000, or that represent 50 percent of a company’s social profits.

If that affects you, the best advice is to seek expert individual financial advice before moving out of France for good. The relevant page on the French government’s impot.gouv.fr website says it is possible to defer payments, and some relief is available.

Because of the relatively high figures involved, this tax is irrelevant for most people. That said, however, you will still have to inform tax authorities that you are moving out of the country because you may still have income, property and capital gains taxes to pay.

Income tax

You must inform the tax office that you are moving and give them your new address so that your tax declarations can be transferred to your new address.

You are liable for tax on everything you earned in France prior to your departure as well as on any French earnings that are taxable in France under international tax treaties that you earned after your departure.

The year of your departure, you declare your previous year’s earnings as normal – declarations in spring 2024 are for earnings in 2023.

A year later, you will have to declare any earnings taxable in France from January 1st up to the date of your departure, and any French-sourced income taxable source until December 31st of the year of your departure.

If you continue to have any French-sourced income – such as from renting out a French property – you will have to declare that income annually, using the non-residents declaration form.

Property taxes

You will have property taxes to pay if you own a French property on January 1st of any given year – whether it is occupied or not. 

Property tax bills come out in the autumn, but they refer to the situation on January 1st of that year, so even if you sell your property you will usually have the pay a final property tax bill the following year.

Moreover, if you receive income from property in France or have rights related to that property (such as shared ownership or stock in property companies), as well as any additional revenue connected to the property, during the year you leave France, you will be required to pay taxes on these earnings.

If any property assets in France exceed €1.3 million on January 1st of a given year, you may also have to pay the wealth tax (IFI).

READ ALSO What is France’s wealth tax and who pays it?

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Capital gains tax 

If you sell your French property or share of a French property, you may be liable for capital gains tax at a rate of 19 percent. It will also be subject to social security contributions at the overall rate of 17.2 percent.

Capital gains tax varies depending on how long you have owned the property and whether it was a second home or your main residence.

READ ALSO How much capital gains tax will I have to pay if I sell my French property?

The good news is, if you move to another EU country, or any country that has a specific tax agreement with France, you may be exempt from capital gains tax for non-resident sellers on the sale of a property that was your principal residence in France.

If you move elsewhere, you may be able to claim exemption on capital gains tax up to €150,000. As always, you should seek expert financial advice.

Tell Social Security

Inform social security that you are leaving France permanently – and return your carte vitale if you have one. If you do not, you may be liable for any benefits you receive to which you are no longer entitled.

More mundane tasks involve informing utility and water companies, your internet provider, if you have one, the phone company, your insurance companies, banks – and La Poste, who will be able to forward your mail for up to 12 months, for a fee…

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